Evans Lucy P, Roghair Ariel M, Gilkes Noah J, Bassuk Alexander G
Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
Front Mol Neurosci. 2021 Apr 15;14:659576. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.659576. eCollection 2021.
Blast-mediated traumatic brain injuries (bTBI) cause long-lasting physical, cognitive, and psychological disorders, including persistent visual impairment. No known therapies are currently utilized in humans to lessen the lingering and often serious symptoms. With TBI mortality decreasing due to advancements in medical and protective technologies, there is growing interest in understanding the pathology of visual dysfunction after bTBI. However, this is complicated by numerous variables, e.g., injury location, severity, and head and body shielding. This review summarizes the visual outcomes observed by various, current experimental rodent models of bTBI, and identifies data showing that bTBI activates inflammatory and apoptotic signaling leading to visual dysfunction. Pharmacologic treatments blocking inflammation and cell death pathways reported to alleviate visual deficits in post-bTBI animal models are discussed. Notably, techniques for assessing bTBI outcomes across exposure paradigms differed widely, so we urge future studies to compare multiple models of blast injury, to allow data to be directly compared.
爆炸介导的创伤性脑损伤（bTBI）会导致长期的身体、认知和心理障碍，包括持续性视力损害。目前尚无已知疗法可用于减轻人类中持续存在且往往较为严重的症状。由于医学和防护技术的进步，创伤性脑损伤的死亡率正在下降，人们对于了解bTBI后视觉功能障碍的病理学愈发感兴趣。然而，这因众多变量而变得复杂，例如损伤位置、严重程度以及头部和身体的防护情况。本综述总结了当前各种bTBI实验性啮齿动物模型所观察到的视觉结果，并确定了表明bTBI会激活炎症和凋亡信号传导从而导致视觉功能障碍的数据。文中讨论了在bTBI后动物模型中据报道可缓解视觉缺陷的阻断炎症和细胞死亡途径的药物治疗方法。值得注意的是，评估不同暴露模式下bTBI结果的技术差异很大，因此我们敦促未来的研究比较多种爆炸伤模型，以便能够直接比较数据。
