de Almeida Filipa, Ferreira Mário B, Soro Jerônimo C, Silva Carla Sofia
Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Católica Lisbon School of Business and Economics, Lisbon, Portugal.
Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
Front Psychol. 2021 Apr 16;12:566594. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.566594. eCollection 2021.
This paper addresses whether overindebted and non-overindebted consumers differ in their attitude toward money (specifically, the degree to which consumers care about money and feel difficulties keeping track of their money) and how this attitude impacts three different financial behavior categories: record keeping (e.g., recording spending in writing), adjusting balance (e.g., trying to find ways to decrease one's expenses to match income), and monitoring balance (e.g., monitoring one's spending to see if it is in line with what is expected). Overindebted consumers were recruited via an NGO for consumer defense and were categorized (whenever possible) into two subgroups: consumers who became overindebted due to internal causes (e.g., bad financial management) and consumers who became overindebted due to external causes (e.g., unemployment). Non-overindebted consumers were a convenience sample. Non-overindebted consumers showed more positive attitudes toward money than both groups of overindebted consumers and overindebted due to external causes showed more positive attitudes than overindebted consumers due to internal causes. All groups share similar financial management behaviors except for monitoring balance, which was more frequent among non-overindebted consumers. Furthermore, a regression analysis indicates that money attitudes helped explain financial behavior differences between consumers above and beyond their indebtedness status. Consumers' attitude predicted financial behaviors, even when controlling for relevant socioeconomic variables (education, income, age, and gender). Further analyses comparing money attitudes and financial behavior for the three subgroups (non-overindebted, overindebted due to internal causes, and overindebted due to external causes) showed no differences.
本文探讨了过度负债和未过度负债的消费者在对金钱的态度上是否存在差异（具体而言，消费者关心金钱的程度以及在记录金钱方面是否感到困难），以及这种态度如何影响三种不同的财务行为类别：记录保存（例如，书面记录支出）、调整收支平衡（例如，试图找到减少开支以匹配收入的方法）和监控收支平衡（例如，监控自己的支出以查看是否符合预期）。过度负债的消费者是通过一个消费者保护非政府组织招募的，并尽可能分为两个子组：因内部原因（如财务管理不善）而过度负债的消费者和因外部原因（如失业）而过度负债的消费者。未过度负债的消费者是一个便利样本。未过度负债的消费者对金钱的态度比两组过度负债的消费者更积极，并且因外部原因而过度负债的消费者比因内部原因而过度负债的消费者态度更积极。除了监控收支平衡外，所有组的财务管理行为都相似，监控收支平衡在未过度负债的消费者中更为频繁。此外，回归分析表明，金钱态度有助于解释消费者之间除负债状况之外的财务行为差异。即使在控制了相关社会经济变量（教育、收入、年龄和性别）之后，消费者的态度仍能预测财务行为。对三个子组（未过度负债、因内部原因过度负债和因外部原因过度负债）的金钱态度和财务行为进行的进一步分析显示没有差异。
