Próchniak Tomasz, Kasperek Kornel, Knaga Sebastian, Rozempolska-Rucińska Iwona, Batkowska Justyna, Drabik Kamil, Ziȩba Grzegorz
Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Front Genet. 2021 Apr 15;12:658403. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.658403. eCollection 2021.
The aim of the study was to characterize the population structure and assess the genetic diversity of warmblood horses used in the show jumping discipline. Pedigree data of 1,048 horses participating in the Polish Championships for Young Horses were analyzed. The pedigree of these animals included 12 863 individuals. The study consisted in analysis of the pedigree structure of the horses and characterization of the homozygosity and genetic diversity in the population. It was found that pedigree completeness and depth were sufficient for reliable assessment of the genetic diversity in the analyzed population. Although the average inbreeding coefficient exhibited at an acceptable level (approx. 1.01%), the increasing percentage of inbred animals seems disturbing. The results have shown that modern sport horses are derived from a small number of high-quality sires whose offspring were intensively used for breeding-bottleneck effect. In consequence, a greater part of the genetic variation reduction was observed in the non-founder generations. Given the changes in the studied population, the level of inbreeding in modern sport horses should be monitored, and pedigree data should be effectively used in selection for mating.
该研究的目的是描述种群结构，并评估用于场地障碍赛项目的温血马的遗传多样性。分析了1048匹参加波兰幼马锦标赛的马匹的系谱数据。这些动物的系谱包含12863个个体。该研究包括对马匹系谱结构的分析以及对种群纯合性和遗传多样性的描述。结果发现，系谱的完整性和深度足以可靠地评估分析种群中的遗传多样性。尽管平均近亲繁殖系数处于可接受水平（约1.01%），但近交动物比例的增加似乎令人担忧。结果表明，现代运动马源自少数优质种公马，其后代被大量用于繁殖——瓶颈效应。因此，在非奠基者世代中观察到更大比例的遗传变异减少。鉴于所研究种群的变化，应监测现代运动马的近亲繁殖水平，并在选配中有效利用系谱数据。
