From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam.
Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam.
Sex Transm Dis. 2021 Nov 1;48(11):864-872. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001455.
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk of anogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. We aimed to assess the incidence and clearance of penile high-risk HPV (hrHPV) infections and their determinants among HIV-negative MSM living in the Netherlands.
Between 2010 and 2015, HIV-negative MSM were semiannually tested for penile HPV and completed detailed questionnaires on health and sexual behavior. Self-collected penile swabs were tested for HPV DNA using SPF10-PCR DEIA/LiPA25 system. Type-specific hrHPV incidence (IR) and clearance rates (CR) were calculated for 12 hrHPV types (HPV-16, HPV-18, HPV-31, HPV-33, HPV-35, HPV-39, HPV-45, HPV-51, HPV-52, HPV-56, HPV-58, and HPV-59). Determinants of incidence and clearance of HPV-16 and HPV-18, separately, and combined 7 hrHPV types covered by the nonavalent vaccine were assessed by Poisson regression using generalized estimating equations for combined hrHPV types.
We included 638 HIV-negative MSM, with a median age of 38 (interquartile range, 33-43) years. HPV-16 had an IR of 4.9/1000 person-months of observation at risk (PMO; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3.8-6.3) and CR of 90.6/1000 PMO (95% CI, 60.7-135.1). The IR and CR of HPV-18 were 3.4/1000 PMO (95% CI, 2.5-4.5) and 119.2/1000 PMO (95% CI, 76.9-184.8), respectively. Age and condom use during insertive anal sex were not associated with hrHPV incidence, whereas high number of recent sex partners was.
The relatively high IR and low CR of penile HPV-16 and HPV-18 among HIV-negative MSM correlates with their high prevalence and oncogenic potential. Incident HPV infections were associated with recent sexual risk behavior.
男男性行为者（MSM）肛门生殖器人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染风险增加。我们旨在评估荷兰 HIV 阴性 MSM 人群中阴茎高危 HPV（hrHPV）感染的发生率和清除率及其决定因素。
2010 年至 2015 年，HIV 阴性 MSM 每半年接受一次阴茎 HPV 检测，并完成关于健康和性行为的详细问卷。使用 SPF10-PCR DEIA/LiPA25 系统对自我采集的阴茎拭子进行 HPV DNA 检测。计算了 12 种 hrHPV 类型（HPV-16、HPV-18、HPV-31、HPV-33、HPV-35、HPV-39、HPV-45、HPV-51、HPV-52、HPV-56、HPV-58 和 HPV-59）的阴茎 HPV 特定型别发生率（IR）和清除率（CR）。使用广义估计方程对 HPV-16 和 HPV-18 以及涵盖九价疫苗的 7 种 HPV 型别的单独和联合清除率进行 Poisson 回归分析。
我们纳入了 638 名 HIV 阴性 MSM，中位年龄为 38（四分位间距，33-43）岁。HPV-16 的观察期内发病率（IR）为 4.9/1000 人-月（95%置信区间[95%CI]，3.8-6.3），清除率（CR）为 90.6/1000 人-月（95%CI，60.7-135.1）。HPV-18 的 IR 和 CR 分别为 3.4/1000 人-月（95%CI，2.5-4.5）和 119.2/1000 人-月（95%CI，76.9-184.8）。年龄和插入性肛交时使用安全套与 hrHPV 发病率无关，而近期性伴侣数量多则与发病率相关。
HIV 阴性 MSM 人群中阴茎 HPV-16 和 HPV-18 的相对较高的 IR 和较低的 CR 与它们的高流行率和致癌潜能相关。新发病例 HPV 感染与近期性风险行为相关。
