Hammarström A, Janlert U, Theorell T
Department of Social Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Luleå, Sweden.
Soc Sci Med. 1988;26(10):1025-33. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(88)90220-1.
A prospective study was started in 1981, including all 1083 pupils in the last year of compulsory school in a municipality in the northern part of Sweden. All pupils were followed up after 2 years. They were investigated with a comprehensive self-administered questionnaire as well as studies of records and interviews with teachers and school nurses. The total non-participation rate in the study was less than 1%. The main results of the study are the following: unemployment leads to increased psychosomatic and psychological symptoms, decreased social activities in clubs, increased abuse of alcohol and narcotics and increased utilization of health care services. The effects of unemployment are somewhat different among girls and among boys. Girls are more exposed to unemployment and unemployment also leads to more negative effects among them. Hidden unemployment has the same effects as unemployment but the effects are less pronounced.
一项前瞻性研究始于1981年，涵盖了瑞典北部一个市镇所有1083名义务教育最后一年的学生。两年后对所有学生进行了随访。通过一份全面的自填问卷以及对记录的研究和与教师及学校护士的访谈对他们进行了调查。该研究的总未参与率低于1%。该研究的主要结果如下：失业会导致身心和心理症状增加、俱乐部社交活动减少、酒精和麻醉品滥用增加以及医疗保健服务利用率提高。失业的影响在女孩和男孩中略有不同。女孩更容易受到失业影响，而且失业对她们造成的负面影响也更多。隐性失业与失业有相同的影响，但影响不那么明显。
