Barnett J R
Department of Geography, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Soc Sci Med. 1988;26(10):1049-60. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(88)90223-7.
In most developed countries the immigration of foreign trained doctors has been encouraged as a stopgap measure to fill domestic medical manpower requirements. However, such policies have resulted in considerable debate particularly over whether the influx of foreign doctors has exacerbated or reduced both the geographic and specialty maldistribution of medical resources in the host countries. Data for New Zealand between 1973 and 79 reveals little support for the 'exacerbation hypothesis'. Instead, the impact of medical immigration seems to have been largely redistributive, with foreign trained doctors increasingly entering primary care and locating in areas avoided by indigenous medical graduates. However, the results suggest that such trends are conditional upon the overall supply of doctors and therefore future research should concentrate upon the nature and magnitude of the constraints exerted by this contextual effect.
在大多数发达国家，鼓励外国培养的医生移民，作为填补国内医疗人力需求的权宜之计。然而，此类政策引发了大量争论，尤其是关于外国医生的涌入是否加剧或减少了东道国医疗资源在地理和专业上的分布不均。1973年至1979年间新西兰的数据几乎没有支持“加剧假说”。相反，医疗移民的影响似乎主要是再分配性的，外国培养的医生越来越多地进入初级保健领域，并在本土医学毕业生避开的地区定居。然而，结果表明，此类趋势取决于医生的总体供应情况，因此未来的研究应集中于这种背景效应所施加限制的性质和程度。
