Ruso Gabrielle E, Hogan Natacha S, Sheedy Claudia, Gallant Melanie J, Jardine Timothy D
Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2021 Aug;40(8):2269-2281. doi: 10.1002/etc.5107. Epub 2021 Jul 7.
Like many amphibians, wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) populations have likely declined or experienced local extirpations as a result of habitat alterations. Despite this, wood frogs are still present and breeding in altered landscapes, like the agricultural Prairie Pothole Region of central Canada, and are exposed to a variety of anthropogenic impacts. As tadpoles, water contamination can have negative effects on growth, development, and immune systems. To investigate the potential effects of agricultural land use on tadpole growth and immune system stress, we used boosted regression trees to model body mass, body condition, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios, a measure of immune stress, against 32 variables including water quality, wetland habitat, and landscape-level measures. Developmental stage strongly influenced all 3 endpoints, and body mass was negatively influenced by higher levels of total dissolved solids (>600-700 mg/L) and at the first sign of pesticide detection (>0.01 proportion pesticides detected of those screened). While correlative, these data suggest that tadpoles developing in agricultural environments may experience survival and reproductive disadvantages if they metamorphose at smaller body sizes. Given the potential impacts this can have on adult frogs and frog populations, these results provide an impetus for further field-based investigation into the effects that pesticides, and especially total dissolved solids, may have on tadpoles. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2269-2281. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
与许多两栖动物一样，由于栖息地的改变，林蛙（Lithobates sylvaticus）种群数量可能已经下降或在局部地区灭绝。尽管如此，林蛙仍存在于像加拿大中部农业草原坑洼地区这样的景观已改变的区域并进行繁殖，且受到各种人为影响。作为蝌蚪，水污染会对其生长、发育和免疫系统产生负面影响。为了研究农业土地利用对蝌蚪生长和免疫系统应激的潜在影响，我们使用增强回归树模型，根据包括水质、湿地栖息地和景观尺度指标在内的32个变量，来预测体重、身体状况以及中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比例（一种免疫应激指标）。发育阶段对所有这三个指标均有强烈影响，而体重则受到较高总溶解固体含量（>600 - 700毫克/升）以及首次检测到农药（在所筛查农药中检测到的比例>0.01）的负面影响。虽然这些数据具有相关性，但表明在农业环境中发育的蝌蚪如果在体型较小时变态，可能会面临生存和繁殖方面的劣势。鉴于这可能对成年蛙和蛙类种群产生的潜在影响，这些结果为进一步实地调查农药，尤其是总溶解固体对蝌蚪可能产生的影响提供了动力。《环境毒理学与化学》2021年；40:2269 - 2281。© 2021作者。《环境毒理学与化学》由Wiley Periodicals LLC代表SETAC出版。
