Skaftnesmo Kai O, Crespo Diego, Kleppe Lene, Andersson Eva, Edvardsen Rolf B, Norberg Birgitta, Fjelldal Per Gunnar, Hansen Tom J, Schulz Rüdiger W, Wargelius Anna
Institute of Marine Research, Research Group Reproduction and Developmental Biology, Bergen, Norway.
Institute of Marine Research, Research Group Reproduction and Developmental Biology, Austevoll Research Station, Storebø, Norway.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Apr 16;9:657192. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.657192. eCollection 2021.
Entering meiosis strictly depends on () gene function in mammals. This gene is missing in a number of fish species, including medaka and zebrafish, but is present in the majority of fishes, including Atlantic salmon. Here, we have examined the effects of removing on male fertility in Atlantic salmon. As in mammals, expression was restricted to germ cells in the testis, transcript levels increased during the start of puberty, and decreased when blocking the production of retinoic acid. We targeted the salmon gene with two gRNAs one of these were highly effective and produced numerous mutations in , which led to a loss of wild-type (WT) expression in F0 salmon testis. In maturing crispants, the spermatogenetic tubuli were partially disorganized and displayed a sevenfold increase in germ cell apoptosis, in particular among type B spermatogonia and spermatocytes. The production of spermatogenic cysts, on the other hand, increased in maturing crispants. Gene expression analysis revealed unchanged () or reduced levels () of transcripts associated with undifferentiated spermatogonia. Decreased expression was recorded for some genes expressed in differentiating spermatogonia including and or in spermatocytes, such as . Different from -deficient mammals, a large number of germ cells completed spermatogenesis, sperm was produced and fertilization rates were similar in WT and crispant males. While loss of increased germ cell apoptosis during salmon spermatogenesis, crispants compensated this cell loss by an elevated production of spermatogenic cysts, and were able to produce functional sperm. It appears that also in a fish species with a gene in the genome, the critical relevance this gene has attained for mammalian spermatogenesis is not yet given, although detrimental effects of the loss of were clearly visible during maturation.
在哺乳动物中,进入减数分裂严格依赖于()基因的功能。包括青鳉和斑马鱼在内的许多鱼类物种中都缺失该基因,但在包括大西洋鲑鱼在内的大多数鱼类中存在。在此,我们研究了去除()对大西洋鲑鱼雄性生育力的影响。与哺乳动物一样,()的表达仅限于睾丸中的生殖细胞,转录水平在青春期开始时增加,而在阻断视黄酸产生时降低。我们用两种引导RNA靶向鲑鱼的()基因,其中一种非常有效,并在()中产生了大量突变,这导致F0鲑鱼睾丸中野生型(WT)()的表达丧失。在成熟的()基因敲降体中,生精小管部分紊乱,生殖细胞凋亡增加了七倍,特别是在B型精原细胞和精母细胞中。另一方面,成熟的()基因敲降体中生精囊肿的产生增加。基因表达分析显示,与未分化精原细胞相关的转录本水平不变()或降低()。在分化的精原细胞中表达的一些基因,包括()和(),或在精母细胞中表达的一些基因,如(),其表达水平降低。与缺乏()的哺乳动物不同,大量生殖细胞完成了精子发生,产生了精子,野生型和基因敲降体雄性的受精率相似。虽然()的缺失在鲑鱼精子发生过程中增加了生殖细胞凋亡,但基因敲降体通过增加生精囊肿的产生来补偿这种细胞损失,并能够产生功能性精子。似乎在基因组中具有()基因的鱼类物种中,尽管在成熟过程中()缺失的有害影响清晰可见,但该基因对哺乳动物精子发生所具有的关键相关性尚未体现。