Kraus Ludwig, Seitz Nicki-Nils, Loy Johanna Katharina, Trolldal Björn, Törrönen Jukka
Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2022 Jan;41(1):153-166. doi: 10.1111/dar.13297. Epub 2021 May 4.
In recent years, beverage composition of total alcohol consumption has changed substantially in Sweden. As beverage choice is strongly associated with drinking practices, our paper aims to analyse trends in beverage composition of alcohol consumption by age, period and cohort.
Age-period-cohort (APC) analysis was conducted using monthly data from the Swedish Alcohol Monitoring Survey (2003-2018). The sample consisted of n = 260 633 respondents aged 16-80 years. APC analysis was conducted on drinkers only (n = 193 954; 96 211 males, 97 743 females). Beverage composition was defined as the beverage-specific proportion of total intake in litre ethanol. Fractional multinomial logit regression was applied to estimate the independent effects of age, period and cohort on trends in beverage composition.
Regression models revealed statistically significant effects of age on all beverages except for medium-strength beer and spirits in males. Controlling for age and cohort, decreasing trends were found over time for medium-strength beer and spirits. The proportion of regular beer increased statistically significantly in males and the proportion of wine in females, whereas the trends for the opposite sex remained stable in each case. Predictions for cohorts showed statistically significant decreasing trends for medium-strength beer in males, lower proportions for regular beer and higher proportions for spirits in the youngest cohorts.
The increasing proportion of wine drinking, which is associated with less risky drinking practices, may decrease alcohol-related morbidity and mortality. Increasing proportions of spirits in the youngest cohorts raises concerns of a possible revival in spirits consumption among the youngest.
近年来，瑞典酒精消费的饮料构成发生了显著变化。由于饮料选择与饮酒习惯密切相关，我们的论文旨在分析按年龄、时期和队列划分的酒精消费饮料构成趋势。
使用瑞典酒精监测调查（2003 - 2018年）的月度数据进行年龄 - 时期 - 队列（APC）分析。样本包括n = 260633名年龄在16 - 80岁的受访者。仅对饮酒者（n = 193954；男性96211人，女性97743人）进行APC分析。饮料构成定义为每升乙醇总摄入量中特定饮料的比例。应用分数多项logit回归来估计年龄、时期和队列对饮料构成趋势的独立影响。
回归模型显示，除男性的中度啤酒和烈酒外，年龄对所有饮料均有统计学显著影响。在控制年龄和队列后，发现中度啤酒和烈酒随时间呈下降趋势。男性中常规啤酒的比例在统计学上显著增加，女性中葡萄酒的比例增加，而每种情况下异性的趋势保持稳定。对队列的预测显示，男性中年轻队列的中度啤酒呈统计学显著下降趋势，年轻队列中常规啤酒的比例较低，烈酒的比例较高。
与风险较低的饮酒习惯相关的葡萄酒饮用比例增加，可能会降低与酒精相关的发病率和死亡率。最年轻队列中烈酒比例的增加引发了对最年轻群体中烈酒消费可能复苏的担忧。
