Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
PLoS One. 2021 May 4;16(5):e0250905. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250905. eCollection 2021.
When two different images are presented separately to each eye, one experiences smooth transitions between them-a phenomenon called binocular rivalry. Previous studies have shown that exposure to signals from other senses can enhance the access of stimulation-congruent images to conscious perception. However, despite our ability to infer perceptual consequences from bodily movements, evidence that action can have an analogous influence on visual awareness is scarce and mainly limited to hand movements. Here, we investigated whether one's direction of locomotion affects perceptual access to optic flow patterns during binocular rivalry. Participants walked forwards and backwards on a treadmill while viewing highly-realistic visualisations of self-motion in a virtual environment. We hypothesised that visualisations congruent with walking direction would predominate in visual awareness over incongruent ones, and that this effect would increase with the precision of one's active proprioception. These predictions were not confirmed: optic flow consistent with forward locomotion was prioritised in visual awareness independently of walking direction and proprioceptive abilities. Our findings suggest the limited role of kinaesthetic-proprioceptive information in disambiguating visually perceived direction of self-motion and indicate that vision might be tuned to the (expanding) optic flow patterns prevalent in everyday life.
当两个不同的图像分别呈现给每只眼睛时,人们会看到它们之间的平滑过渡——这种现象被称为双眼竞争。先前的研究表明,来自其他感觉的信号的暴露可以增强与刺激一致的图像进入意识知觉的能力。然而,尽管我们能够从身体运动中推断出知觉后果,但行动可以对视觉意识产生类似影响的证据很少,并且主要限于手部运动。在这里,我们研究了一个人的运动方向是否会影响在双眼竞争期间对光流模式的知觉获取。参与者在跑步机上向前和向后行走,同时在虚拟环境中观看高度逼真的自我运动可视化效果。我们假设与行走方向一致的可视化效果在视觉意识中会优先于不一致的视觉效果,并且这种效果会随着主动本体感受的精度的增加而增加。这些预测并未得到证实:与向前运动一致的光流在视觉意识中优先于与行走方向和本体感受能力无关的光流。我们的研究结果表明,运动觉-本体感觉信息在辨别视觉感知的自我运动方向方面的作用有限,并表明视觉可能已经适应了日常生活中普遍存在的(扩展的)光流模式。