Captopril downregulates expression of Bax/cytochrome C/caspase-3 apoptotic pathway, reduces inflammation, and oxidative stress in cisplatin-induced acute hepatic injury.

Cisplatin (Cis) is an effective cancer therapy commonly employed in many therapeutic regimens. However, treatment regimens that contain either a high dose or cumulative doses of Cis could trigger liver damage. A unique study demonstrated that captopril (Cap) protects against Cis-induced liver toxicity, but only some liver function enzymes and some antioxidant enzymes were investigated in that study. Our study aims to elucidate the protective mechanism of Cap against Cis liver toxicity. Acute liver toxicity was induced in rats by injecting a single Cis dose (7.5 mg/kg) in three groups (n = 6). Two groups were pre-treated with low (50 mg/kg) and high (100 mg/kg) Cap doses for one week before Cis injection, and the third group was injected with Cis only. The high Cap dose significantly improved liver function markers (ALT, AST, and ALP) and hepatic tissue pathology. The low Cap dose significantly improved ALP and, to a lesser extent, hepatic tissue pathology. Both Cap doses significantly decreased liver contents of MDA, IL-1β, and cleaved caspase-3; and liver protein expression of TNF-α, Bax, and caspase-3. The high Cap dose significantly increased liver contents of GSH, GPx, CAT, and SOD, and the liver protein expression of Bcl2. Moreover, only the high Cap dose significantly decreased liver IL-6 content and cytochrome C protein expression. Cap did not inhibit the antitumor impact of Cis against HCT116 cancer cells. Therefore, Cap restricts Cis-induced liver toxicity by reducing inflammation and apoptosis and augmenting the antioxidant system.