Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
Waste Manag. 2021 May 15;127:179-188. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.04.034. Epub 2021 May 1.
More than 1.2 million tons of tailings containing approximately 30 wt% of Fe from traditional vanadium extraction processes are discarded every year as solid waste, which waste resources. In order to achieve effective and green utilization of waste, a novel process was proposed to keep Cr and V at Cr and V during extraction by using AlCl-NaCl-KCl molten salt in Ar gas atmosphere to control the valuable elements (Cr, V, Mn and Fe) from oxidized. The morphological features of vanadium slag reacted in the temperature range from 200 °C to 800 °C and volatilization of samples under different AlCl/slag ratios were analyzed. Meanwhile, the chlorinated kinetics of V, Cr, Mn and Fe in vanadium slag were systemically investigated in temperature range of 850 °C-950 °C. The kinetics investigation indicated that the chlorination processes of Fe and Mn were restricted by mass transfer in product layer (Al-Si-O mixture) and the chlorination processes of V and Cr were controlled by surface reaction. The apparent activation energies for Fe, Mn, V, and Cr are 105.28 kJ/mol, 94.26 kJ/mol, 64.64 kJ/mol, and 63.30 kJ/mol, respectively. After chlorination, the separation of metal chlorides was achieved. TiCl is hydrolyzed to obtain TiO. Mn can be separated from VCl, CrCl, FeCl, and MnCl by controlling the electrolytic voltages. Fe-V-Cr alloy was obtained by electrolysis at 2.3 V.
每年有超过 120 万吨的传统钒提取工艺产生的尾矿被丢弃，其中含有约 30wt%的铁，这是对资源的浪费。为了实现对废物的有效和绿色利用，提出了一种新的工艺，即在 Ar 气氛下使用 AlCl-NaCl-KCl 熔盐来提取 Cr 和 V，以保持 Cr 和 V 的稳定，从而控制有价值元素（Cr、V、Mn 和 Fe）的氧化。分析了温度范围在 200°C 至 800°C 之间的钒渣的反应形态特征和不同 AlCl/渣比下样品的挥发情况。同时，系统研究了 850°C-950°C 温度范围内钒渣中 V、Cr、Mn 和 Fe 的氯化动力学。动力学研究表明，Fe 和 Mn 的氯化过程受产物层（Al-Si-O 混合物）中质量传递的限制，V 和 Cr 的氯化过程受表面反应控制。Fe、Mn、V 和 Cr 的表观活化能分别为 105.28 kJ/mol、94.26 kJ/mol、64.64 kJ/mol 和 63.30 kJ/mol。氯化后，实现了金属氯化物的分离。TiCl 通过水解得到 TiO。通过控制电解电压，可以将 Mn 从 VCl、CrCl、FeCl 和 MnCl 中分离出来。在 2.3 V 的电解下获得了 Fe-V-Cr 合金。
