Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
Biomolecules. 2021 Apr 30;11(5):679. doi: 10.3390/biom11050679.
Bone is one of the major tissues that undergoes continuous remodeling throughout life, thus ensuring both organic body growth during development and protection of internal organs as well as repair of trauma during adulthood. Many endogenous substances contribute to bone homeostasis, including purines. Their role has increasingly emerged in recent decades as compounds which, by interacting with specific receptors, can help determine adequate responses of bone cells to physiological or pathological stimuli. Equally, it is recognized that the activity of purines is closely dependent on their interconversion or metabolic degradation ensured by a series of enzymes present at extracellular level as predominantly bound to the cell membrane or, also, as soluble isoforms. While the effects of purines mediated by their receptor interactions have sufficiently, even though not entirely, been characterized in many tissues including bone, those promoted by the extracellular enzymes providing for purine metabolism have not been. In this review, we will try to circumstantiate the presence and the role of these enzymes in bone to define their close relationship with purine activities in maintaining bone homeostasis in normal or pathological conditions.
骨骼是一种在生命过程中持续进行重塑的主要组织之一，因此既能保证在发育过程中有机组织的生长，又能保护内部器官，并在成年期修复创伤。许多内源性物质有助于骨骼的稳态平衡，包括嘌呤。近几十年来，嘌呤的作用越来越受到重视，它们通过与特定受体相互作用，有助于确定骨骼细胞对生理或病理刺激的适当反应。同样，人们认识到嘌呤的活性与其相互转化或代谢降解密切相关，这是由一系列存在于细胞外水平的酶来保证的，这些酶主要与细胞膜结合，或者也以可溶性同工酶的形式存在。虽然嘌呤与其受体相互作用所介导的作用已在许多组织中得到充分描述，包括骨骼，但对提供嘌呤代谢的细胞外酶所促进的作用尚未完全了解。在这篇综述中，我们将尝试详细说明这些酶在骨骼中的存在和作用，以确定它们与维持骨骼稳态平衡的嘌呤活性之间的密切关系，无论是在正常还是病理条件下。
