Srutee Rout, Sowmya R S, Annapure Uday S
Department of Food Engineering and Technology, ICT, Mumbai, India.
Anim Biotechnol. 2022 Dec;33(7):1721-1729. doi: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1911810. Epub 2021 May 4.
Meat is traditionally obtained by sacrificing the animals. It is considered as one of the richest sources of proteins. There is an increasing demand for meat worldwide. It may not be possible to fulfill this demand for meat in future. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find out the alternative resources for proteins requirement shortly. Clean meat production is one of the best methods to be adopted as an alternative to traditional meat. The word 'clean' signifies that we can procure meat from animals without its monstrous slaughtering. Hence, it is prepared by isolating a single cell and culturing them in controlled growth conditions and medium that mimic the condition. It is not a brand new technology, but the tools for developing clean meat that mimics real meat have been technologically advanced recently. Many companies have marketed clean meat products worldwide from last five years. And it has been observed that there are mixed responses for its acceptance by consumers. The main driving forces for clean meat production derives from the concerns over environment, animal welfare, public and consumer health aspects of animal production, use of antibiotics in the animal industries, and food security. Since it's an upcoming meat production technology, there are many hurdles and challenges like nutritional attributes, flavor, shape, and structure compared to real meat. It requires many skills and understanding of muscle stem cells' regeneration and their growth under optimized scale-up production conditions. In this paper the complete details about clean meat, types of cells, and techniques used for its production has been discussed on a lab scale.
传统上，肉类是通过宰杀动物获得的。它被认为是最丰富的蛋白质来源之一。全球对肉类的需求在不断增加。未来可能无法满足这种肉类需求。因此，迫切需要尽快找到满足蛋白质需求的替代资源。清洁肉类生产是作为传统肉类替代品可采用的最佳方法之一。“清洁”一词意味着我们可以在不进行残忍宰杀的情况下从动物身上获取肉类。因此，它是通过分离单个细胞并在模拟真实条件的受控生长条件和培养基中培养它们来制备的。这并不是一项全新的技术，但最近用于开发模拟真实肉类的清洁肉类的工具在技术上有了进步。在过去五年中，许多公司已在全球销售清洁肉类产品。并且观察到消费者对其接受度的反应不一。清洁肉类生产的主要驱动力源于对环境、动物福利、动物生产的公共和消费者健康方面、动物产业中抗生素的使用以及食品安全的担忧。由于这是一种新兴的肉类生产技术，与真实肉类相比，它存在许多障碍和挑战，如营养特性、风味、形状和结构等。在优化的扩大生产条件下，它需要许多技能以及对肌肉干细胞再生及其生长的理解。本文在实验室规模上讨论了关于清洁肉类、细胞类型及其生产所用技术的完整细节。
