Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411004, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411004, India.
PDX Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Portland, OR 97239, USA.
Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2021 May;124:112084. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112084. Epub 2021 Mar 31.
The pre-mature release of therapeutic cargos in the bloodstream or off-target sites is a major hurdle in drug delivery. However, stimuli-specific drug release responses are capable of providing greater control over the cargo release. Herein, various types of nanocarriers have been employed for such applications. Among various types of nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) have several attractive characteristics, such as high loading capacity, biocompatibility, small size, porous structure, high surface area, tunable pore size and ease of functionalization of the external and internal surfaces, which facilitates the entrapment and development of stimuli-dependent release of drugs. MSNPs could be modified with such stimuli-responsive entities like nucleic acid, peptides, polymers, organic molecules, etc., to prevent pre-mature cargo release, improving the therapeutic outcome. This controlled drug release system could be modulated to function upon extracellular or intracellular specific stimuli, including pH, enzyme, glucose, glutathione, light, temperature, etc., and thus provide minimal side effects at non-target sites. This system has great potential applications for the targeted delivery of therapeutics to treat clinically challenging diseases like cancer. This review summarizes the synthesis and design of stimuli-responsive release strategies of MSNP-based drug delivery systems along with investigations in biomedical applications.
在血流或非靶部位过早释放治疗性货物是药物输送的一个主要障碍。然而，对刺激物特异的药物释放响应能够提供对货物释放的更大控制。在此，已经采用了各种类型的纳米载体用于此类应用。在各种类型的纳米颗粒中，介孔硅纳米颗粒（MSNPs）具有许多吸引人的特性，例如高负载能力、生物相容性、小尺寸、多孔结构、高表面积、可调节的孔尺寸以及易于对外表面和内表面进行功能化，这有助于包封和发展刺激依赖性药物释放。可以用核酸、肽、聚合物、有机分子等这样的刺激响应实体对 MSNPs 进行修饰，以防止过早的货物释放，改善治疗效果。该受控药物释放系统可以通过细胞外或细胞内的特定刺激来调节，包括 pH、酶、葡萄糖、谷胱甘肽、光、温度等，从而在非靶部位产生最小的副作用。该系统在将治疗剂靶向递送至治疗临床上具有挑战性的疾病（如癌症）方面具有巨大的应用潜力。本文综述了基于 MSNP 的药物输送系统的刺激响应释放策略的合成和设计以及在生物医学应用中的研究。
