Moretti Constanza, Herkovits Damián
Instituto de Salud Colectiva, Universidad Nacional de Lanús, Lanús, Argentina.
Cad Saude Publica. 2021 Apr 30;37(4):e00097120. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00097120. eCollection 2021.
Cyberbullying is a form of online aggression between peers, the prevalence of which varies from 10% to 40% according to studies in different countries. A large share of the scientific literature on cyberbullying tends to individualize and medicalize the causes of the violence, without understanding the context in which it takes place or the meanings it acquires for those who practice it. The study aims to understand the beliefs, values, and practices that adolescents mobilize in performing the roles involved in cyberbullying. The study was conducted as a meta-ethnography, aimed at producing a synthesis of qualitative studies based on the theoretical interpretation of their basic findings. The study's corpus consisted of 33 articles selected from the BVS, PubMed, SciELO, and Scopus databases. The results include a description of expressions of cyberbullying, motivations, and adolescents' experiences as victims, perpetrators, and bystanders. With symbolic interactionism as the theoretical reference, we found that cyberbullying is a unique expression of online sociability. We contend that its practice is associated with identity-building processes, based on mechanisms of peer identification and opposition by which the participants also reproduce and compete for positions of recognition in their sociability. In this process, cyberbullying sanctions behaviors that transgress a dominant symbolic order for adolescence.
网络欺凌是同龄人之间的一种在线攻击形式，根据不同国家的研究，其发生率在10%至40%之间。关于网络欺凌的大量科学文献倾向于将暴力的原因个体化和医学化，而没有理解其发生的背景或对实施者而言所具有的意义。该研究旨在了解青少年在扮演网络欺凌相关角色时所运用的信念、价值观和行为。该研究作为一项元民族志进行，旨在基于对定性研究基本结果的理论解读对其进行综合。该研究的语料库由从BVS、PubMed、SciELO和Scopus数据库中选出的33篇文章组成。结果包括对网络欺凌的表现形式、动机以及青少年作为受害者、实施者和旁观者的经历的描述。以符号互动主义作为理论参考，我们发现网络欺凌是在线社交性的一种独特表现形式。我们认为，其行为与身份建构过程相关，基于同伴认同和对立机制，参与者也借此在社交中再现并竞争认可地位。在这个过程中，网络欺凌会制裁那些违反青少年主导象征秩序的行为。
