Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.
Department of Soil Science, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil.
J Environ Sci Health B. 2021;56(6):532-539. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1916302. Epub 2021 May 5.
The addition of carbonaceous material such as cow bonechar to the soil can affect the availability of applied pre-emergent herbicides such as indaziflam. However, how cow bonechar affects the bioavailability of indaziflam is not yet known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cow bonechar on herbicidal activity of indaziflam on weeds in a tropical soil. Cow bonechar was added homogeneously to top soil, at 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 t ha, in addition to treatment with unamended soil. At 21 days after indaziflam (75 g ha) application, injury weed levels, weed species that emerged spontaneously were identified and the weeds present in each sampling unit were collected. Only 1.4 t ha cow bonechar added to soil was enough to reduce the weed injury level by 50%. From the addition of 2 t ha cow bonechar the application of indaziflam was not efficient to weed control, being equivalent to treatments without herbicide application. Eight weed species (3 monocots and 5 dicots) were identified in all treatments. and accounted for about 99.7% of the entire infestation of the weed community. Cow bonechar decreases indaziflam pre-emergence herbicidal activity in tropical soil for weed control, most likely due to the high sorption and unavailability of the product in the soil solution.
向土壤中添加诸如牛骨炭之类的含碳物质会影响施用于土壤的芽前除草剂（如氟唑草酰胺）的有效性。然而，牛骨炭如何影响氟唑草酰胺的生物有效性尚不清楚。本研究的目的是评估牛骨炭对热带土壤中杂草的氟唑草酰胺除草活性的影响。除了未添加土壤的处理外，还将牛骨炭均匀地添加到表土中，添加量分别为 1、2、5、10 和 20 t/ha。在施用于氟唑草酰胺（75 g/ha）后 21 天，鉴定了杂草伤害水平和自发出现的杂草种类，并收集了每个采样单元中的杂草。仅向土壤中添加 1.4 t/ha 的牛骨炭就足以将杂草伤害水平降低 50%。从添加 2 t/ha 的牛骨炭开始，应用氟唑草酰胺就不能有效地控制杂草，其效果与没有除草剂应用的处理相当。在所有处理中都鉴定出 8 种杂草（3 种单子叶杂草和 5 种双子叶杂草）。和分别占杂草群落总侵染的约 99.7%。牛骨炭降低了热带土壤中氟唑草酰胺的芽前除草活性，以控制杂草，这很可能是由于产品在土壤溶液中的高吸附和不可用。
