University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2021 May 6;78(10):840-849. doi: 10.1093/ajhp/zxab069.
Current literature on the safety and efficacy of intermediate- and long-acting formulations of methylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is evaluated.
Methylphenidate has been an established treatment for ADHD, but due to its relatively short half-life, numerous intermediate- and long-acting products have been developed. While these extended-release products provide efficacy similar to that of immediate-acting products, the pharmacokinetics and adverse effects can vary. Intermediate-acting methylphenidate products have effects that can last as long as 8 hours, but clinically patients have still required twice-daily dosing. Long-acting products have helped to address these challenges, with recently developed products including controlled-release and bimodal-delivery systems and a patch formulation. Many of these products can be opened and sprinkled on applesauce for ease of administration.
Knowledge of the various formulations of methylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate is crucial for appropriate medication selection for control of ADHD symptoms. Knowledge of differences between release mechanisms and the pharmacokinetic properties are essential for appropriate use of these products.
评估关于哌醋甲酯和右旋哌醋甲酯中长效制剂治疗注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的安全性和疗效的现有文献。
哌醋甲酯是一种已被确立的 ADHD 治疗药物，但由于其半衰期相对较短，因此开发了许多中长效产品。虽然这些延长释放产品的疗效与即时释放产品相似，但药代动力学和不良反应可能有所不同。中效哌醋甲酯产品的作用可持续长达 8 小时，但临床上患者仍需要每日两次给药。长效产品有助于解决这些挑战，最近开发的产品包括控释和双模式递送系统以及贴剂制剂。这些产品中的许多都可以打开并撒在苹果酱上，以便于给药。
了解哌醋甲酯和右旋哌醋甲酯的各种制剂对于选择适当的药物来控制 ADHD 症状至关重要。了解释放机制和药代动力学特性之间的差异对于这些产品的正确使用至关重要。
