Brescovit Antonio D, Zampaulo Robson de A, Cizauskas Igor
Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500, Butantã, São Paulo, 05503-900, Brazil Instituto Butantan São Paulo Brazil.
Gerencia de Licenciamento Ambiental e Espeleologia, Vale SA, Avenida Doutor Marco Paulo Simon Jardim, 34006-200 Nova Lima, Minas Gerais, Brazil Gerencia de Licenciamento Ambiental e Espeleologia Nova Lima Brazil.
Zookeys. 2021 Apr 15;1031:143-159. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1031.62181. eCollection 2021.
The first two anophthalmic species of spiders of the genus Simon, 1892, are described for caves located in the iron formation of Floresta Nacional (FLONA) de Carajás in southeastern Pará State, Brazil. The caves are located in the municipalities of Parauapebas and Canaã dos Carajás, in the eastern portion of the Amazon Forest domain. and are described based on males and females. The species have similar body characteristics with the total absence of eyes and complete depigmentation, characteristics that indicate possible evolution in subterranean environments , and thus are classified as troglobites. Each species is associated with a single geomorphological unit (mountain range), with being restricted to caves of Serra Norte (North Mountain) and to caves of Serra Sul (South Mountain). Both species were collected in aphotic zones of the caves. Small and tangled webs of were observed under blocks of stone in the soil or in cracks of the walls.
本文描述了西蒙属（Simon，1892）蜘蛛的前两个无眼物种，它们分布于巴西帕拉州东南部卡拉雅斯国家森林（FLONA）铁层中的洞穴。这些洞穴位于亚马逊森林区域东部的帕劳阿佩巴斯市和卡拉雅斯的卡纳阿市。文中对这两个物种的描述基于雄性和雌性标本。这些物种具有相似的身体特征，完全没有眼睛且全身色素脱失，这些特征表明它们可能在地下环境中进化，因此被归类为洞穴生物。每个物种都与一个单一的地貌单元（山脉）相关联，其中一种局限于北山脉的洞穴，另一种局限于南山脉的洞穴。这两个物种均在洞穴的无光区域采集到。在土壤中的石块下或墙壁裂缝中观察到了其中一种蜘蛛的小而杂乱的蛛网。
