Gabriel Brendan M, Zierath Juleen R
Aberdeen Cardiovascular & Diabetes Centre, The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
J Physiol. 2022 Mar;600(5):1027-1036. doi: 10.1113/JP280884. Epub 2021 May 31.
Metabolic health is a crucial area of current research, and is an outcome of innate physiology, and interactions with the environment. Environmental cues, such as the Earth's day-night rhythm, partly regulate diurnal hormones and metabolites. Circadian physiology consists of highly conserved biological processes over ∼24-h cycles, which are influenced by external cues (Zeitgebers - 'time-keepers'). Skeletal muscle has diurnal variations of a large magnitude, owing in part to the strong nature of physical activity throughout the day and other external Zeitgebers. The orchestration of whole-body and skeletal muscle metabolism is a complex, finely tuned process, and molecular diurnal variations are regulated by a transcription-translation feedback loop controlled by the molecular clock, as well as non-transcriptional metabolic processes. The mitochondrion may play an important role in regulating diurnal metabolites within skeletal muscle, given its central role in the regulation of NAD /NADH, O , reactive oxygen species and redox metabolism. These molecular pathways display diurnal variation and illustrate the complex orchestration of circadian metabolism in skeletal muscle. Probably the most robust Zeitgeber of skeletal muscle is exercise, which alters glucose metabolism and flux, in addition to a range of other diurnal metabolic pathways. Indeed, performing exercise at different times of the day may alter metabolism and health outcomes in some cohorts. The objective of this Symposium Review is to briefly cover the current literature, and to speculate regarding future areas of research. Thus, we postulate that metabolic health may be optimized by altering the timing of external cues such as diet and exercise.
代谢健康是当前研究的一个关键领域，它是先天生理机能以及与环境相互作用的结果。环境线索，如地球的昼夜节律，部分调节昼夜激素和代谢物。昼夜生理机能由约24小时周期内高度保守的生物过程组成，这些过程受外部线索（授时因子——“时间守护者”）影响。骨骼肌存在大幅度的昼夜变化，部分原因是全天体力活动的强度以及其他外部授时因子。全身和骨骼肌代谢的协调是一个复杂且精细调节的过程，分子昼夜变化由分子时钟控制的转录-翻译反馈回路以及非转录代谢过程调节。鉴于线粒体在调节NAD/NADH、氧气、活性氧和氧化还原代谢方面的核心作用，它可能在调节骨骼肌内的昼夜代谢物中发挥重要作用。这些分子途径呈现昼夜变化，并说明了骨骼肌昼夜代谢的复杂协调。骨骼肌最强大的授时因子可能是运动，运动除了改变一系列其他昼夜代谢途径外，还会改变葡萄糖代谢和通量。事实上，在一天中的不同时间进行运动可能会改变某些人群的代谢和健康结果。本专题综述的目的是简要介绍当前文献，并对未来的研究领域进行推测。因此，我们推测可以通过改变饮食和运动等外部线索的时间来优化代谢健康。
