Exercise Physiology Lab at Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
Centre for Nutrition, Exercise, and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
J Physiol. 2024 Dec;602(23):6463-6477. doi: 10.1113/JP285366. Epub 2023 Nov 28.
A supervised intense aerobic exercise program improves the health of individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, it is unclear whether the timing of training within the 24 h day would influence those health benefits. The present study aimed to determine the influence of morning vs. afternoon exercise on body composition, cardiometabolic health and components of MetS. One hundred thirty-nine individuals with MetS were block randomized into morning (AMEX; n = 42) or afternoon (PMEX; n = 59) exercise training groups, or a non-training control group (Control; n = 38). Exercise training was comprised of 48 supervised high-intensity interval sessions distributed over 16 weeks. Body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (assessed by ), maximal fat oxidation (FO), blood pressure and blood metabolites were assessed before and after the intervention. Compared with the non-training Control, both exercise groups improved similarly body composition (-0.7% fat loss; P = 0.002), waist circumference (-2.1 cm; P < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (-3.8 mmHg; P = 0.004) and (3.5 mL kg min; P < 0.001) with no differences between training groups. AMEX, in comparison with PMEX, reduced systolic blood pressure (-4% vs. -1%; P = 0.019), plasma fasting insulin concentration (-12% vs. -5%; P = 0.001) and insulin resistance (-14% vs. -4%; P = 0.006). Furthermore, MetS Z score was further reduced in the AMEX compared to PMEX (-52% vs. -19%; P = 0.021) after training. In summary, high-intensity aerobic exercise training in the morning in comparison to training in the afternoon is somewhat more efficient at reducing cardiometabolic risk factors (i.e. systolic blood pressure and insulin sensitivity). KEY POINTS: The effect of exercise time of day on health promotion is an area that has gained interest in recent years; however, large-scale, randomized-control studies are scarce. People with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are at risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases and reductions in this risk with exercise training can be precisely gauged using a compound score sensitive to subtle evolution in each MetS component (i.e. Z score). Supervised aerobic exercise for 16 weeks (morning and afternoon), without dietary restriction, improved cardiorespiratory and metabolic fitness, body composition and mean arterial pressure compared to a non-exercise control group. However, training in the morning, without changes in exercise dose or intensity, reduced systolic blood pressure and insulin resistance further compared to when training in the afternoon. Thus, high-intensity aerobic exercise training in the morning is somewhat more efficient in improving the health of individuals with metabolic syndrome.
一项有监督的高强度有氧运动方案可改善代谢综合征（MetS）患者的健康状况。然而，目前尚不清楚一天 24 小时内的训练时间是否会影响这些健康益处。本研究旨在确定晨练与下午锻炼对身体成分、心脏代谢健康和 MetS 成分的影响。139 名 MetS 患者被随机分为晨练（AMEX；n=42）、下午锻炼（PMEX；n=59）或非训练对照组（Control；n=38）。运动训练由 48 次高强度间歇训练组成，分布在 16 周内。在干预前后评估身体成分、心肺功能（通过评估）、最大脂肪氧化（FO）、血压和血液代谢物。与非运动对照组相比，两组运动训练均显著改善体脂（-0.7%体脂减少；P=0.002）、腰围（-2.1cm；P<0.001）、舒张压（-3.8mmHg；P=0.004）和（3.5mLkgmin；P<0.001），两组间无差异。与 PMEX 相比，AMEX 降低收缩压（-4%与-1%；P=0.019）、血浆空腹胰岛素浓度（-12%与-5%；P=0.001）和胰岛素抵抗（-14%与-4%；P=0.006）。此外，与 PMEX 相比，AMEX 后 MetS Z 评分进一步降低（-52%与-19%；P=0.021）。总之，与下午训练相比，晨练高强度有氧运动更有效地降低了心脏代谢危险因素（即收缩压和胰岛素敏感性）。 关键点：运动时间对健康促进的影响是近年来人们关注的一个领域，但大规模、随机对照研究却很少。代谢综合征（MetS）患者有发生心脏代谢疾病的风险，通过使用对每个 MetS 成分的微妙变化敏感的综合评分（即 Z 评分），可以精确衡量运动训练对降低这种风险的效果。16 周的监督有氧运动（晨练和下午），不限制饮食，与非运动对照组相比，可改善心肺和代谢健康、身体成分和平均动脉压。然而，与下午训练相比，在不改变运动剂量或强度的情况下，晨练进一步降低了收缩压和胰岛素抵抗。因此，与下午训练相比，晨练高强度有氧运动在改善代谢综合征患者的健康方面效率更高。
