Cancer Surgery 2.0: Guidance by Real-Time Molecular Technologies.

In vivo cancer margin delineation during surgery remains a major challenge. Despite the availability of several image guidance techniques and intraoperative assessment, clear surgical margins and debulking efficiency remain scarce. For this reason, there is particular interest in developing rapid intraoperative tools with high sensitivity and specificity to help guide cancer surgery in vivo. Recently, several emerging technologies including intraoperative mass spectrometry have paved the way for molecular guidance in a clinical setting. We evaluate these techniques and assess their relevance for intraoperative surgical guidance and how they can transform the future of molecular cancer surgery, diagnostics, patient management and care.