Silva Elisabete R, Tulcidas Ameessa V, Ferreira Olga, Bayón Raquel, Igartua Amaya, Mendoza Gemma, Mergulhão Filipe J M, Faria Sara I, Gomes Luciana C, Carvalho Sílvia, Bordado João C M
BioISI- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; CERENA - Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambientais, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.
CERENA - Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambientais, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.
Environ Res. 2021 Jul;198:111219. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111219. Epub 2021 May 7.
The control of marine biofouling has raised serious environmental concerns, thus the continuous release of toxic and persistent biocidal agents applied as anti-biofouling coatings have triggered the search for non-toxic strategies. However, most of them still lack rigorous evaluation of their ecotoxicity and antifouling effects under real scenarios and their correlation with simulated assays. In this work, the biocide releasing risk and ecotoxicity of a biocidal and foul-release polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based marine coating containing grafted Econea biocide (<0.6 wt.%) were evaluated under simulated real mechanical wear conditions at a pilot-scale system, and under extreme wear scenarios (washability settings). The coating system demonstrated low environmental impact against the model Vibrio fischeri bacterium and marine algae, associated with the effective biocide grafting in the coating matrix and subsequent biocide release minimization. This multifunctional coating system also showed auspicious antifouling (AF) effects, with an AF performance index significantly higher (API > 89) than a single foul-release system (AF < 40) after two and half years at a real immersion scenario in the Portuguese shore of the Atlantic Ocean. These field results corroborated the antibiofilm performance evaluated with Pseudoalteromonas tunicata at simulated dynamic marine conditions after seven-week assays. This eco-friendly multifunctional strategy, validated by both simulated testing conditions and real field tests, is believed to be a powerful tool for the development of AF technologies and a potential contribution to the quest for new environmentally friendly antifouling solutions.
海洋生物污损的控制引发了严重的环境问题，因此，作为防污涂料使用的有毒且持久的杀生剂的持续释放引发了对无毒策略的探索。然而，它们中的大多数仍缺乏在实际场景下对其生态毒性和防污效果的严格评估，以及它们与模拟试验的相关性。在这项工作中，在中试规模系统的模拟实际机械磨损条件下以及极端磨损场景（可洗性设置）下，评估了一种含有接枝Econea杀生剂（<0.6 wt.%）的杀生和低污损释放聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）基海洋涂料的杀生剂释放风险和生态毒性。该涂料系统对模式费氏弧菌和海藻显示出低环境影响，这与涂料基质中有效的杀生剂接枝以及随后杀生剂释放的最小化有关。在大西洋葡萄牙海岸的实际浸泡场景中经过两年半后，这种多功能涂料系统还显示出良好的防污（AF）效果，其AF性能指数显著高于单一低污损释放系统（AF < 40）（API > 89）。这些现场结果证实了在七周试验后在模拟动态海洋条件下用海鞘假交替单胞菌评估的抗生物膜性能。这种通过模拟测试条件和实际现场测试验证的生态友好型多功能策略，被认为是开发防污技术的有力工具，也是对寻求新的环境友好型防污解决方案的潜在贡献。
