Department of Biology, University of Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Derna 1, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Novo Terminal de Cruzeiros, Avenida General Norton de Matos Sn, P-4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
Mar Environ Res. 2021 Jul;169:105347. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105347. Epub 2021 Apr 29.
Comparing temporal patterns of distribution and abundance of target organisms between protected and harvested shores is essential to assess the extant effectiveness of marine protected areas (MPAs) and whether it is maintained through time. By means of an adapted Beyond-BACI approach, we compared the short- and long-term patterns of variation in the abundance of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis at a protected shore (within the Parque Litoral Norte MPA, Portugal) and at three adjacent shores subject to intense harvesting over a decadal interval. Despite the existence of the MPA for more than 30 years, we did not obtain clear evidence of its persistent or recent effectiveness on intertidal species of commercial interest. We suggest the need for refining management options along the northern Portuguese coast, possibly by better enforcing current regulations and reconsidering the present design of protection schemes. Moreover, the adopted analytical approach may represent a methodological reference for similar investigations in systems where the perturbation of interest (protection or disturbance) would not occur at a given time during the course of the study, but has been operating since before the first sampling occasion and maintained until subsequent surveys.
比较目标生物在受保护和收获海岸之间的分布和丰度的时间模式对于评估海洋保护区（MPA）的现有效果以及随着时间的推移是否得到维持至关重要。通过一种适应性的超越 BACI 方法，我们比较了在受保护的海岸（葡萄牙北部沿海公园 MPA 内）和三个相邻的海岸上，短时间和长时间内海胆 Paracentrotus lividus 和贻贝 Mytilus galloprovincialis 丰度的变化模式，这些海岸在十年的时间内受到强烈的捕捞。尽管 MPA 已经存在 30 多年，但我们并没有获得明确的证据表明它对具有商业利益的潮间带物种具有持久或近期的有效性。我们建议在葡萄牙北部沿海地区需要改进管理方案，可能需要更好地执行当前的法规，并重新考虑当前的保护计划设计。此外，所采用的分析方法可能代表了在感兴趣的干扰（保护或干扰）不会在研究过程中的特定时间发生的系统中进行类似调查的方法参考，而是自第一次采样以来一直存在，并持续到后续调查。
