Sun Zhi-Ting, Ma Chi, Li Guang-Jian, Zheng Xiang-Yu, Hao Yi-Tong, Yang Yu, Wang Xu
Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Front Pharmacol. 2021 Apr 22;12:654611. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.654611. eCollection 2021.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases and accumulating evidences suggest a key role of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in the pathogenesis of AD. According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, the imbalance of producing and clearing Aβ is the beginning of neurodegeneration and dementia. Consequently, immunotherapy becomes popular through using antibodies against Aβ. However, many studies of monoclonal antibodies were stopped because adverse effects appeared or there were no evident benefits observed. Some antibody fragments have many advantages over monoclonal antibodies, such as small sizes, lack of the crystallizable fraction (Fc) and so on. There are three main antibody fragments, including single chain variable fragments (scFvs), Fab fragments and single-domain antibody fragments. Nanoparticles can facilitate the entry of drug molecules across the blood-brain barrier, making them become excellent carriers. Various kinds of nanoparticles have been applied in the treatment of AD. The combination of nanoparticles and antibody fragments against amyloid-β can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we summarize the progress of antibody fragments against amyloid-β in AD, focusing on the combined application with nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of AD.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是最常见的神经退行性疾病之一，越来越多的证据表明β淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）肽在AD发病机制中起关键作用。根据淀粉样蛋白级联假说，Aβ产生与清除的失衡是神经退行性变和痴呆的开端。因此，通过使用抗Aβ抗体进行免疫治疗变得流行起来。然而，许多单克隆抗体研究因出现不良反应或未观察到明显益处而停止。一些抗体片段比单克隆抗体有许多优势，如尺寸小、缺乏可结晶片段（Fc）等。主要有三种抗体片段，包括单链可变片段（scFv）、Fab片段和单域抗体片段。纳米颗粒可促进药物分子穿越血脑屏障，使其成为优秀的载体。各种纳米颗粒已应用于AD治疗。纳米颗粒与抗淀粉样β抗体片段的组合可用于阿尔茨海默病的诊断和治疗。在本综述中，我们总结了抗淀粉样β抗体片段在AD中的研究进展，重点关注其与纳米颗粒在AD诊断和治疗中的联合应用。
