University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School Department of Population Health, 1601 Trinity St. Bldg. B Stop Z0500, Austin, TX 78712.
FP Essent. 2021 May;504:16-21.
From 2013-2016, 34.5% of US adults had prediabetes. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening all adults ages 40 to 70 years with overweight or obesity for abnormal blood glucose, and screening for gestational diabetes in pregnant women after 24 weeks. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends screening all patients older than 45 years for prediabetes and diabetes, and screening earlier for patients with risk factors. Screening in younger patients is based on risk factors. The diagnostic criteria for prediabetes and diabetes require two abnormal test results from the same sample or from two separate samples, in the absence of unequivocal hyperglycemia or symptomatic hyperglycemia. Physical activity and healthy eating patterns continue to be the cornerstones of diabetes prevention. Although no drugs are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for diabetes prevention, strong evidence supports the use of metformin in adults with prediabetes. In children, metformin use for the prevention of diabetes requires more study. Rates of progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes range from 5.8% to 18.3% per year, depending on the population studied.
从 2013 年至 2016 年，美国有 34.5%的成年人患有前驱糖尿病。美国预防服务工作组（USPSTF）建议对所有 40 至 70 岁的超重或肥胖成年人进行异常血糖筛查，并对 24 周后的孕妇进行妊娠糖尿病筛查。美国糖尿病协会（ADA）建议对所有 45 岁以上的患者进行前驱糖尿病和糖尿病筛查，并对有危险因素的患者进行更早的筛查。年轻患者的筛查基于危险因素。前驱糖尿病和糖尿病的诊断标准要求从同一样本或两个单独样本中获得两项异常测试结果，且没有明确的高血糖或症状性高血糖。身体活动和健康的饮食模式仍然是预防糖尿病的基石。虽然食品和药物管理局（FDA）尚未批准任何药物用于预防糖尿病，但大量证据支持在有前驱糖尿病的成年人中使用二甲双胍。对于儿童，二甲双胍预防糖尿病的使用需要更多的研究。从前驱糖尿病到 2 型糖尿病的进展速度每年为 5.8%至 18.3%，具体取决于研究的人群。
