Department of Anesthesiology and Neurology, Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Department of Anesthesiology and Neurology, Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Pharmacol Res. 2021 Jul;169:105661. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105661. Epub 2021 May 7.
Tanshinones, lipophilic diterpenes isolated from the rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza, have diverse pharmacological activities against human ailments including neurological diseases. In fact, tanshinones have been used to treat heart diseases, stroke, and vascular diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. During the last decade, tanshinones have been the most widely studied phytochemicals for their neuroprotective effects against experimental models of cerebral ischemia and Alzheimer's diseases. Importantly, tanshinone IIA, mostly studied tanshinone for biological activities, is recently reported to attenuate blood-brain barrier permeability among stroke patients, suggesting tanshinone IIA as an appealing therapeutic candidate for neurological diseases. Tanshinone I and IIA are also effective in experimental models of Parkinson's disease, Multiple sclerosis, and other neuroinflammatory diseases. In addition, several experimental studies suggested the pleiotropic neuroprotective effects of tanshinones such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and BBB protectant further value aiding to tanshinone as an appealing therapeutic strategy in neurological diseases. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to compile the recent updates and cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection of tanshinone IIA in diverse neurological diseases.
丹参酮是从丹参根茎中分离得到的脂溶性二萜类化合物，具有多种治疗人类疾病的药理活性，包括神经疾病。事实上，丹参酮已被用于治疗心脏病、中风和血管疾病等传统中药。在过去十年中，丹参酮因其对脑缺血和阿尔茨海默病等实验模型的神经保护作用而成为研究最广泛的植物化学物质。重要的是，最近有报道称，丹参酮 IIA 可减轻中风患者的血脑屏障通透性，这表明丹参酮 IIA 可能是一种有吸引力的神经疾病治疗候选药物。丹参酮 I 和 IIA 也可有效治疗帕金森病、多发性硬化症和其他神经炎症性疾病的实验模型。此外，几项实验研究表明，丹参酮具有多种神经保护作用，如抗炎、抗氧化、抗细胞凋亡和 BBB 保护作用，这进一步增加了将丹参酮作为神经疾病治疗策略的吸引力。因此，在这篇综述中，我们旨在总结丹参酮 IIA 在多种神经疾病中的神经保护作用的最新研究进展和细胞及分子机制。
