Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Allergy Research Unit, Kingston Health Sciences Center - KGH Site, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Allergy Research Unit, Kingston Health Sciences Center - KGH Site, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2021 Sep;127(3):312-317. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.04.025. Epub 2021 May 7.
To present an update of birth cohort study designs and their contributions to allergic risk.
The PubMed database was used to search for relevant articles.
Peer-reviewed prospective and retrospective studies involving the assessment of allergy using human birth cohorts between 2014 and 2021 were evaluated.
Parental history of allergic diseases, especially in cases involving both parents, is associated with increased risk of allergy. Exposure to prenatal and postnatal smoking and limited diet diversity were associated with increased allergic burden. The impact of early-life infections and antibiotics on disease development may be associated with the onset of asthma, though this remains debated. Cohort studies also revealed that the mode of delivery and breastfeeding duration affect the odds ratio of asthma and eczema development. Household exposures, including pets, house dust mites, and scented aeroallergens may confer protective effects, whereas high air pollution exposure and low socioeconomic status may be risk enhancing. Exposure to antibiotics during early life may be associated with increased asthma risk, whereas viral infections may lead to disease protection, though the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on allergic risk is yet to be understood.
Although evaluating the risk of allergic disease development is complex, clinicians can apply these insights on the multifactorial nature of atopy to better understand and potentially mitigate disease development.
介绍队列研究设计及其对过敏风险的贡献的最新进展。
使用 PubMed 数据库搜索相关文章。
评估了 2014 年至 2021 年间使用人类队列评估过敏的同行评审前瞻性和回顾性研究。
父母过敏病史，尤其是父母双方都有过敏病史，与过敏风险增加相关。产前和产后吸烟暴露以及饮食多样性有限与过敏负担增加相关。早期生活感染和抗生素对疾病发展的影响可能与哮喘的发生有关，但这仍存在争议。队列研究还表明，分娩方式和母乳喂养持续时间影响哮喘和湿疹发展的比值比。家庭暴露，包括宠物、屋尘螨和有香味的空气过敏原，可能具有保护作用，而空气污染暴露高和社会经济地位低可能会增加风险。生命早期接触抗生素可能与哮喘风险增加有关，而病毒感染可能导致疾病保护，但 2019 年冠状病毒病大流行对过敏风险的影响仍有待了解。
尽管评估过敏疾病发展的风险很复杂，但临床医生可以应用这些关于特应性多因素性质的见解，以更好地理解并可能减轻疾病的发展。
