Monash Haematology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia.
Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Semin Thromb Hemost. 2021 Sep;47(6):677-691. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1725116. Epub 2021 May 10.
Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) has been increasing in incidence due to the escalating use of central venous catheters such as peripherally inserted central catheters. UEDVT can be primary idiopathic or secondary to pacemaker leads, intravascular catheters or cancer. In comparison to conventional venous thromboembolism such as lower limb deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism the risk factors, investigations, and management are not well defined. We review current evidence in primary and secondary UEDVT, highlighting areas in need of further research. We also explore the entity of venous thoracic outlet syndrome, which is said to be a risk factor for recurrent primary UEDVT and is the rationale behind surgical interventions.
上肢深静脉血栓形成（UEDVT）由于中心静脉导管（如外周静脉置入中心静脉导管）的使用不断增加，其发病率也在不断上升。UEDVT 可原发于特发性或继发于起搏器导线、血管内导管或癌症。与传统静脉血栓栓塞症（如下肢深静脉血栓形成或肺栓塞）相比，其危险因素、检查和治疗尚未明确。我们综述了原发性和继发性 UEDVT 的现有证据，强调了需要进一步研究的领域。我们还探讨了静脉胸廓出口综合征的实体，据说是复发性原发性 UEDVT 的危险因素，也是手术干预的理论依据。
