在黄蜂中解决性别比例之谜。
A solution to a sex ratio puzzle in wasps.
机构信息
Faculty of Liberal Arts, Meijigakuin University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-8539, Japan;
Research Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 159-1293, Japan.
出版信息
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 May 18;118(20). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2024656118.
The puzzling sex ratio behavior of wasps has long posed one of the greatest questions in the field of sex allocation. Laboratory experiments have found that, in contrast to the predictions of theory and the behavior of numerous other organisms, females do not produce fewer female-biased offspring sex ratios when more females lay eggs on a patch. We solve this puzzle by showing that, in nature, females of have a sophisticated sex ratio behavior, in which their strategy also depends on whether they have dispersed from the patch where they emerged. When females have not dispersed, they lay eggs with close relatives, which keeps local mate competition high even with multiple females, and therefore, they are selected to produce consistently female-biased sex ratios. Laboratory experiments mimic these conditions. In contrast, when females disperse, they interact with nonrelatives, and thus adjust their sex ratio depending on the number of females laying eggs. Consequently, females appear to use dispersal status as an indirect cue of relatedness and whether they should adjust their sex ratio in response to the number of females laying eggs on the patch.
黄蜂令人费解的性别比例行为一直是性分配领域最大的问题之一。实验室实验发现，与理论预测和众多其他生物的行为相反，当更多的雌性在一个斑块上产卵时， 雌性并不会产生更少的雌性偏向的后代性别比例。我们通过表明，在自然界中， 的雌性具有复杂的性别比例行为，其策略还取决于它们是否已经从它们出现的斑块上扩散开来。当雌性没有扩散时，它们会与近亲产卵，这使得即使有多个雌性存在，局部配偶竞争也很高，因此，它们被选择产生一致的雌性偏向的性别比例。实验室实验模拟了这些条件。相比之下，当雌性扩散时，它们与非亲属互动，因此根据产卵的雌性数量来调整它们的性别比例。因此，雌性似乎将扩散状态用作亲缘关系的间接线索，以及它们是否应该根据斑块上产卵的雌性数量来调整性别比例。
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