Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
Mol Cells. 2021 May 31;44(5):292-300. doi: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0058.
Macrophages residing in various tissue types are unique in terms of their anatomical locations, ontogenies, developmental pathways, gene expression patterns, and immunological functions. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) reside in the alveolar lumen of the lungs and serve as the first line of defense for the respiratory tract. The immunological functions of AMs are implicated in the pathogenesis of various pulmonary diseases such as allergic asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), viral infection, and bacterial infection. Thus, the molecular mechanisms driving the development and function of AMs have been extensively investigated. In this review article, we discuss the roles of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in AM development, and provide an overview of the anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory functions of AMs in various contexts. Notably, we examine the relationships between the metabolic status of AMs and their development processes and functions. We hope that this review will provide new information and insight into AM development and function.
驻留在各种组织类型中的巨噬细胞在解剖位置、个体发生、发育途径、基因表达模式和免疫功能方面具有独特性。肺泡巨噬细胞 (AMs) 驻留在肺部的肺泡腔中，是呼吸道的第一道防线。AMs 的免疫功能与各种肺部疾病的发病机制有关，如过敏性哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)、肺泡蛋白沉积症 (PAP)、病毒感染和细菌感染。因此，驱动 AMs 发育和功能的分子机制已被广泛研究。在这篇综述文章中，我们讨论了粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子 (GM-CSF) 和转化生长因子 (TGF)-β 在 AM 发育中的作用，并概述了 AMs 在各种情况下的抗炎和促炎功能。值得注意的是，我们研究了 AMs 的代谢状态与其发育过程和功能之间的关系。我们希望本综述能为 AMs 的发育和功能提供新的信息和见解。
