Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.
Front Med. 2021 Oct;15(5):649-656. doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0830-0. Epub 2021 May 11.
Tumorigenesis involves metabolic reprogramming and abnormal lipid metabolism, which is manifested by increased endogenous fat mobilization, hypertriglyceridemia, and increased fatty acid synthesis. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a key enzyme for the de novo synthesis of fatty acids, and monoacylglycerol esterase (MGLL) is an important metabolic enzyme that converts triglycerides into free fatty acids. Both enzymes play an important role in lipid metabolism and are associated with tumor-related signaling pathways, the most common of which is the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. They can also regulate the immune microenvironment, participate in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and then regulate tumor invasion and metastasis. Current literature have shown that these two genes are abnormally expressed in many types of tumors and are highly correlated with tumor migration and invasion. This article introduces the structures and functions of FASN and MGLL, their relationship with abnormal lipid metabolism, and the mechanism of the regulation of tumor invasion and metastasis and reviews the research progress of the relationship of FASN and MGLL with tumor invasion and metastasis.
肿瘤发生涉及代谢重编程和异常脂质代谢，表现为内源性脂肪动员增加、高甘油三酯血症和脂肪酸合成增加。脂肪酸合酶（FASN）是从头合成脂肪酸的关键酶，而单酰基甘油酯酶（MGLL）是将甘油三酯转化为游离脂肪酸的重要代谢酶。这两种酶在脂质代谢中都起着重要作用，与肿瘤相关的信号通路有关，其中最常见的是 PI3K-AKT 信号通路。它们还可以调节免疫微环境，参与上皮-间充质转化，从而调节肿瘤的侵袭和转移。目前的文献表明，这两个基因在许多类型的肿瘤中异常表达，与肿瘤迁移和侵袭高度相关。本文介绍了 FASN 和 MGLL 的结构和功能，它们与异常脂质代谢的关系，以及调节肿瘤侵袭和转移的机制，并综述了 FASN 和 MGLL 与肿瘤侵袭和转移关系的研究进展。
