Université de Paris, CRESS, INSERM, INRAE, Paris, France.
Unité mixte Inserm-Ined-EFS ELFE, Ined, F-75020, Paris, France.
Pediatr Obes. 2021 Nov;16(11):e12803. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12803. Epub 2021 May 11.
In several systematic reviews, rapid weight gain in early life has been related to increased risk of later obesity. In line with this finding, the "early protein hypothesis" suggests that reducing early protein intake is a potential lever for obesity prevention.
To determine whether the variability of protein content of infant formula used in France over the period 2003-2012 is significantly associated with early growth in children.
A pooled sample of infants from the EDEN (Etude des Déterminants pré et postnatals de la santé et du développement de l'Enfant) mother-child cohort (born in 2003-2006) and the ELFE (Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance) birth cohort (born in 2011) (n = 5846) was used. Protein content of the infant formula received at 4 months was classified into five groups. Associations between protein content (or breastfed status) at 4 months and weight-, length- and BMI-for-age z-scores at 6, 12 and 18 months were analysed by multivariable linear regression.
This analysis showed a positive association between protein content and weight-, length- and BMI-for-age z-scores at 6 months and only for weight-for-age at 12 months. At 6 months, as compared with the intermediate protein-content group (2.1-2.5 g/100 kcal), infants receiving very-high protein content (>2.8 g/100 kcal) had higher BMI-for-age z-score and those from the very-low protein-content group (<2.0 g/100 kcal) had lower BMI-for-age z-score. Exclusively breastfed infants had lower length and weight z-scores than formula-fed infants at any age.
Our findings show a positive association, under real conditions of use, between protein contents in infant formula still on the market and weight-, length- and BMI-for-age z-scores from 6 to 18 months.
在几项系统评价中，生命早期的体重快速增加与日后肥胖的风险增加有关。基于这一发现，“早期蛋白质假说”表明，减少早期蛋白质摄入可能是预防肥胖的一个潜在手段。
确定法国在 2003 年至 2012 年期间使用的婴儿配方奶粉中蛋白质含量的变异性是否与儿童早期生长有显著关联。
使用 EDEN（儿童健康和发育的产前和产后决定因素研究）母婴队列（2003 年至 2006 年出生）和 ELFE（法国儿童纵向研究）出生队列（2011 年出生）的婴儿混合样本（n=5846）。将 4 个月时接受的婴儿配方奶粉中的蛋白质含量分为五组。通过多变量线性回归分析 4 个月时的蛋白质含量（或母乳喂养状况）与 6、12 和 18 个月时的体重、身长和 BMI 年龄 z 评分之间的关系。
该分析显示，蛋白质含量与 6 个月时的体重、身长和 BMI 年龄 z 评分呈正相关，仅与 12 个月时的体重-年龄 z 评分相关。在 6 个月时，与中等蛋白质含量组（2.1-2.5g/100kcal）相比，接受超高蛋白质含量（>2.8g/100kcal）的婴儿的 BMI 年龄 z 评分更高，而接受极低蛋白质含量（<2.0g/100kcal）的婴儿的 BMI 年龄 z 评分更低。在任何年龄，纯母乳喂养的婴儿的身长和体重 z 评分都低于配方奶喂养的婴儿。
我们的研究结果表明，在实际使用情况下，市场上的婴儿配方奶粉中的蛋白质含量与 6 至 18 个月时的体重、身长和 BMI 年龄 z 评分呈正相关。
