University of Miami, Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research and Active Aging, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Sciences, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
University of Miami, Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research and Active Aging, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Sciences, Coral Gables, FL, USA; University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Center on Aging, Miami, FL, USA.
Exp Gerontol. 2021 Jul 15;150:111401. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111401. Epub 2021 May 9.
Evaluating muscular strength is vital to the application of effective training protocols that target quality of life and independence in older individuals. Resistance training is a valuable tool to improve functional capacity, strength, and power in this population; however, the lack of normative values for common lifts such as the leg press (LP) and chest press (CP) reduce its utility. This study developed age- and sex-specific normative strength values for older individuals. LP and CP 1-repetition maximum (1RM) values on Keiser A420 pneumatic machines were compiled from 445 older adults, ages 60-85y. Descriptive statistics and quartile rankings are reported, and two-way ANOVAs were conducted to determine differences between sex and age groups. There were significant sex x age group interactions for LP and CP. Men were significantly stronger than women across all age groups for both exercises (p < .01); however, the mean difference decreased with age. For men, no differences were seen among the 60-64 (237 ± 39 kg), 65-69 (223 ± 43 kg) and 70-74 (219 ± 50 kg) age groups; but the 60-64 group showed higher strength values than the 75-79 group (193 ± 52 kg) and all three groups contained higher strength values than the 80-85 group (172 ± 40 kg). Similarly, for relative strength, the 60-64 group (2.80 ± 0.53 kg·kgBM) surpassed values for all groups but the 65-69, and the 65-69 (2.70 ± 0.54 kg·kgBM) produced greater strength values than the 70-74 (2.45 ± 0.47 kg·kgBM), 75-79 (2.09 ± 0.37 kg·kgBM) and 80-85 (2.19 ± 0.38 kg·kgBM) groups. In contrast, no significant differences in absolute or relative strength were seen among age groups for the women. Our study establishes absolute and relative age- and sex-specific normative values for the LP1RM and CP1RM in older individuals. These values allow practitioners and researchers to interpret the results of various interventions, and evaluate their importance to evaluation of sarcopenia, injury risk, functional mobility and quality of life. Additionally, our results reveal that age-related declines in strength are prominent for male LP and CP, but not female CP or LP.
评估肌肉力量对于制定针对老年人生活质量和独立性的有效训练方案至关重要。阻力训练是提高该人群功能能力、力量和功率的有效工具；然而，由于缺乏腿部按压（LP）和胸部按压（CP）等常见举重的规范值，其应用受到限制。本研究为老年人制定了年龄和性别特异性的力量规范值。从 445 名年龄在 60-85 岁的老年人中收集了 Keiser A420 气动机器上的 LP 和 CP 1 重复最大（1RM）值。报告了描述性统计数据和四分位排名，并进行了双向方差分析以确定性别和年龄组之间的差异。LP 和 CP 存在显著的性别 x 年龄组交互作用。男性在所有年龄组的 LP 和 CP 测试中都明显强于女性（p<0.01）；然而，随着年龄的增长，平均差异会减小。对于男性，60-64 岁（237±39kg）、65-69 岁（223±43kg）和 70-74 岁（219±50kg）年龄组之间没有差异；但 60-64 岁组的力量值高于 75-79 岁组（193±52kg），而这三个年龄组的力量值均高于 80-85 岁组（172±40kg）。同样，对于相对力量，60-64 岁组（2.80±0.53kg·kgBM）超过了所有组的数值，但低于 65-69 岁组，而 65-69 岁组（2.70±0.54kg·kgBM）产生的力量值高于 70-74 岁组（2.45±0.47kg·kgBM）、75-79 岁组（2.09±0.37kg·kgBM）和 80-85 岁组（2.19±0.38kg·kgBM）。相比之下，女性在不同年龄组之间的绝对或相对力量没有显著差异。我们的研究为老年人的 LP1RM 和 CP1RM 建立了绝对和相对的年龄和性别特异性规范值。这些值使从业者和研究人员能够解释各种干预措施的结果，并评估其对肌少症、受伤风险、功能移动性和生活质量评估的重要性。此外，我们的结果表明，男性 LP 和 CP 的力量与年龄相关的下降较为明显，而女性 CP 或 LP 则不然。
