Menalu Mulat Mossie, Bayleyegn Alebachew Demelash, Tizazu Michael Amera, Amare Nakachew Sewnet
Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.
Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.
Int J Gen Med. 2021 May 3;14:1683-1697. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S307026. eCollection 2021.
Malnutrition is a deficiency or improper intake of energy and nutrients. It includes undernutrition (wasting, stunting, underweight, and mineral and vitamin-related malnutrition) and overnutrition.
To estimate the prevalence and identify the risk factors for undernutrition among under-five children in Debre Berhan Town, North Shewa, Ethiopia.
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Debre Berhan Town, from October 07, 2019 to January 24, 2020. Three hundred and eighty-five under-five children who were selected using systematic random sampling technique were included in this study. To collect data, a structured questionnaire and anthropometrical measurements were used. Data entry was done through Epi data 4.21, and for data analysis statistical package for social sciences version 20.0 was employed. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with malnutrition. The statistical significance was stated at p value <0.05 with 95% confidence intervals.
In the overall sample the total prevalence of undernutrition in below age-5 children was 61 (15.8%), the corresponding figures for underweight, stunted, and wasting were 26%, 41%, and 33%, respectively. Factors that contributed to under-five undernutrition were maternal illiteracy, not breastfeeding exclusively, preterm birth, absence of antenatal care, exposure to infectious diseases and diarrhea.
There was a higher prevalence of stunting (41%), wasting (33%), and being underweight (26%) in Debre Berhan town than the national (Ethiopia) or regional (Amhara) malnutrition prevalence. Mothers' educational status should be improved by teaching them that proper nutrition is important for their child's growth and development. Antenatal care for all pregnant women, education on child care, infection prevention, and child feeding should be provided and further strengthened.
营养不良是能量和营养素的缺乏或摄入不当。它包括营养不足（消瘦、发育迟缓、体重不足以及与矿物质和维生素相关的营养不良）和营养过剩。
评估埃塞俄比亚北谢瓦德布雷伯汉镇5岁以下儿童营养不足的患病率并确定其风险因素。
2019年10月7日至2020年1月24日在德布雷伯汉镇开展了一项基于社区的横断面研究。本研究纳入了385名采用系统随机抽样技术选取的5岁以下儿童。为收集数据，使用了结构化问卷和人体测量方法。数据录入通过Epi data 4.21完成，数据分析采用社会科学统计软件包20.0版。采用双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析来确定与营养不良相关的因素。统计学显著性以p值<0.05及95%置信区间表示。
在整个样本中，5岁以下儿童营养不足的总患病率为61例（15.8%），体重不足、发育迟缓及消瘦的相应患病率分别为26%、41%和33%。导致5岁以下儿童营养不足的因素包括母亲文盲、非纯母乳喂养、早产、未进行产前检查、接触传染病和腹泻。
德布雷伯汉镇发育迟缓（41%）、消瘦（33%）和体重不足（26%）的患病率高于埃塞俄比亚全国或阿姆哈拉地区的营养不良患病率。应通过教育母亲使其了解适当营养对孩子生长发育的重要性来提高母亲的教育水平。应为所有孕妇提供并进一步加强产前护理、儿童护理教育、感染预防和儿童喂养方面的教育。
