Nonaka Etsuko, Kuparinen Anna
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland.
Ecol Evol. 2021 Mar 27;11(9):4101-4125. doi: 10.1002/ece3.7309. eCollection 2021 May.
Almost all organisms grow in size during their lifetime and switch diets, trophic positions, and interacting partners as they grow. Such ontogenetic development introduces life-history stages and flows of biomass between the stages through growth and reproduction. However, current research on complex food webs rarely considers life-history stages. The few previously proposed methods do not take full advantage of the existing food web structural models that can produce realistic food web topologies.We extended the niche model developed by Williams and Martinez (, 2000, , 180-183) to generate food webs that included trophic species with a life-history stage structure. Our method aggregated trophic species based on niche overlap to form a life-history structured population; therefore, it largely preserved the topological structure of food webs generated by the niche model. We applied the theory of allometric predator-prey body mass ratio and parameterized an allometric bioenergetic model augmented with biomass flow between stages via growth and reproduction to study the effects of a stage structure on the stability of food webs.When life-history stages were linked via growth and reproduction, more food webs persisted, and persisting food webs tended to retain more trophic species. Topological differences between persisting linked and unlinked food webs were small to modest. The slopes of biomass spectra were lower, and weak interaction links were more prevalent in the linked food webs than the unlinked ones, suggesting that a life-history stage structure promotes characteristics that can enhance stability of complex food webs.Our results suggest a positive relationship between the complexity and stability of complex food webs. A life-history stage structure in food webs may play important roles in dynamics of and diversity in food webs.
几乎所有生物在其生命周期中都会生长，并在生长过程中改变饮食、营养级和相互作用的伙伴。这种个体发育过程引入了生命史阶段以及各阶段之间通过生长和繁殖实现的生物量流动。然而，当前对复杂食物网的研究很少考虑生命史阶段。之前提出的少数方法没有充分利用现有的能够产生现实食物网拓扑结构的食物网结构模型。我们扩展了Williams和Martinez（2000年，第180 - 183页）开发的生态位模型，以生成包含具有生命史阶段结构的营养物种的食物网。我们的方法基于生态位重叠聚集营养物种，形成具有生命史结构的种群；因此，它在很大程度上保留了生态位模型生成的食物网的拓扑结构。我们应用了异速生长捕食者 - 猎物体重比理论，并对一个通过生长和繁殖在各阶段之间增加了生物量流动的异速生长生物能量模型进行参数化，以研究阶段结构对食物网稳定性的影响。当生命史阶段通过生长和繁殖联系起来时，更多的食物网得以持续存在，并且持续存在的食物网往往保留更多的营养物种。持续存在的有联系和无联系的食物网之间的拓扑差异较小到中等。生物量谱的斜率较低，并且在有联系的食物网中弱相互作用链接比无联系的食物网更普遍，这表明生命史阶段结构促进了能够增强复杂食物网稳定性的特征。我们的结果表明复杂食物网的复杂性和稳定性之间存在正相关关系。食物网中的生命史阶段结构可能在食物网的动态变化和多样性中发挥重要作用。
