埃塞俄比亚提克里安巴萨医院鼻咽癌的描述性流行病学研究。
Descriptive epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma at Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Ethiopia.
机构信息
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
出版信息
BMC Cancer. 2021 May 12;21(1):540. doi: 10.1186/s12885-021-08311-8.
BACKGROUND
Nasopharyngeal cancer is distinguished from other cancers of the head and neck in its epidemiology, histopathology, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic outcome. Its unique clinico-epidemiologic pattern of the disease is an area focus for this investigation. Accordingly, the study investigated the demographic and histologic characteristics, as well as the clinical stage at presentation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized hospital.
METHODS
Hospital based retrospective descriptive study was conducted from September 2017 - October 2020. All biopsy proven incidental cases during the study period are included. SPSS version 26 is used for data entry and analysis.
RESULT
A total of 318 patients with histologically confirmed nasopharyngeal carcinoma cases during the study period were included. There were 218 males and 90 females, with a male: female ratio of 2.5:1. The age of patients ranges from 13 to 81 years with a mean age of 37.8 ± 15 years. The median age at diagnosis was 38 years. Age distribution has two peaks for males, first between 30 to 39 and second 50 to 59 years of age. While the peak age of occurrence for females is in the 20-39 age range. Juvenile cases constituted 34% of the study group. The study revealed, nonkeratinizing carcinoma as the most prevalent histology at 94.3% (undifferentiated type 85.9% and differentiated keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma 8.4%) and 5.7% of the cases showed keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. Majority of the patients, 86%, presented late with stage III and IV disease.
CONCLUSION
Nasopharyngeal cancer is commonly found among the young and productive age group, under the age 30. Nonkeratinizing carcinoma is the predominant histopathologic variant resembling that seen in endemic areas of the world. Thus, genetic and early life environmental exposures should be well studied to identify possible risk factors in the region. Late-stage presentation at diagnosis impacts the treatment outcome of patients, thereby indicating the need for a raised index of suspicion among health professionals for early diagnosis and better prognosis of patients.
背景
鼻咽癌在流行病学、组织病理学、临床特征和治疗结果方面有别于其他头颈部癌症。其独特的临床流行病学模式是该研究的重点。因此，本研究调查了提克里安贝萨专科医院鼻咽癌患者的人口统计学和组织学特征以及就诊时的临床分期。
方法
本研究为 2017 年 9 月至 2020 年 10 月进行的基于医院的回顾性描述性研究。纳入了研究期间所有经活检证实的偶发病例。使用 SPSS 版本 26 进行数据录入和分析。
结果
在研究期间，共有 318 例经组织学证实的鼻咽癌患者，其中男性 218 例，女性 90 例，男女比例为 2.5:1。患者年龄为 13-81 岁，平均年龄为 37.8±15 岁。诊断时的中位年龄为 38 岁。年龄分布有两个高峰，男性第一个高峰在 30-39 岁之间，第二个高峰在 50-59 岁之间，而女性的发病高峰年龄在 20-39 岁之间。青少年病例占研究组的 34%。研究显示，未分化型非角化性癌最常见，占 94.3%（未分化型 85.9%，角化型鳞癌 8.4%），5.7%的病例为角化型鳞癌。大多数患者（86%）就诊时已处于晚期 III 期和 IV 期疾病。
结论
鼻咽癌常见于 30 岁以下的年轻和生产年龄组。非角化性癌是主要的组织病理学变异，与世界流行地区所见相似。因此，应深入研究遗传和早期生活环境暴露，以确定该地区可能的危险因素。就诊时的晚期分期会影响患者的治疗结果，因此需要提高卫生专业人员的警惕性，以便早期诊断和改善患者的预后。
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