Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, The Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
South African Medical Research Council Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Sci Rep. 2021 May 12;11(1):10079. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-89551-3.
Maternal HIV infection is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, but the mechanisms remain unknown. The course of pregnancy is regulated by immunological processes and HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) impact key immune mechanisms, which may disrupt the immune programme of pregnancy. We evaluated a broad range of systemic cytokines at each trimester of pregnancy in 56 women living with HIV (WLHIV) and 68 HIV-negative women, who were enrolled in a prospective pregnancy cohort study in Soweto, South Africa. The pro-inflammatory cytokine IP-10 was detected in each trimester in all WLHIV, which was significantly more than in HIV-negative women. The anti-viral cytokine IFNλ1 was detected more frequently in WLHIV, whereas IFNβ and IFNλ2/3 were detected more frequently in HIV-negative women. Th1 cytokines IL-12 and IL-12p70, Th2 cytokine IL-5, and Th17 cytokine IL-17A were detected more frequently in WLHIV throughout pregnancy. Il-6, IL-9, and IL-10 were more commonly detected in WLHIV in the first trimester. Trends of increased detection of Th1 (IL-2, IL-12p70), Th2 (IL-4, Il-5, Il-13) and Th17 (IL-17A, Il-17F, IL-21, IL-22) cytokines were associated with small-for-gestational-age babies. Our findings indicate that maternal HIV/ART is associated with distinct systemic cytokine profiles throughout pregnancy.
母体 HIV 感染与不良妊娠结局有关，但具体机制尚不清楚。妊娠过程受免疫过程调控，而 HIV 感染和抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）会影响关键免疫机制，从而可能破坏妊娠的免疫程序。我们在南非索韦托的一项前瞻性妊娠队列研究中，评估了 56 名 HIV 阳性（HIV+）孕妇和 68 名 HIV 阴性孕妇在每个孕期的多种系统细胞因子。我们发现，所有 HIV+孕妇在每个孕期都能检测到促炎细胞因子 IP-10，其水平明显高于 HIV 阴性孕妇。抗病毒细胞因子 IFNλ1 在 HIV+孕妇中更为常见，而 IFNβ 和 IFNλ2/3 在 HIV 阴性孕妇中更为常见。在整个孕期，Th1 细胞因子 IL-12 和 IL-12p70、Th2 细胞因子 IL-5 和 Th17 细胞因子 IL-17A 在 HIV+孕妇中更为常见。IL-6、IL-9 和 IL-10 在 HIV+孕妇中更常见于孕早期。Th1（IL-2、IL-12p70）、Th2（IL-4、IL-5、IL-13）和 Th17（IL-17A、IL-17F、IL-21、IL-22）细胞因子检出率升高的趋势与胎儿小于胎龄有关。我们的研究结果表明，母体 HIV/ART 与整个孕期独特的系统细胞因子谱有关。
