Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia; Marine Megafauna Foundation, Truckee, CA, United States.
Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2021 Jul;168:112427. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112427. Epub 2021 May 10.
Plastics in marine environments vary in their physical and chemical properties, influencing their risk to biota once ingested. Manta rays are large filter-feeders that ingest plastics. To assess this risk, we characterized the plastics in a critical feeding habitat off Nusa Penida, Indonesia. We examined the color and polymer composition of sampled small-sized plastics (<30 mm). Plastics were mostly secondary microplastics and transparent (46%), white/off-white (24%), and blue/green (22%). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of plastics grouped according to type (films, fragments, foam, or lines) and color indicated that most plastics were polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) (99%), with the remainder polystyrene and polyester. Visual characterization aligned with single polymer composition in seven out of ten groups. Although PE and PP have relatively low toxicity compared to other plastics, their composing monomers and associated pollutants and microbes are of concern to manta rays and other marine biota.
海洋环境中的塑料在物理和化学性质上存在差异，这会影响它们被生物摄入后的风险。蝠鲼是大型滤食动物，会摄入塑料。为了评估这种风险，我们对印度尼西亚龙目岛附近的一个关键摄食栖息地中的塑料进行了特征描述。我们检查了取样的小尺寸塑料（<30 毫米）的颜色和聚合物组成。塑料主要是二级微塑料，透明（46%）、白色/灰白色（24%）和蓝色/绿色（22%）。根据类型（薄膜、碎片、泡沫或线）和颜色对塑料进行傅里叶变换红外光谱分析表明，大多数塑料是聚乙烯（PE）或聚丙烯（PP）（99%），其余是聚苯乙烯和聚酯。十种物质中有七种的视觉特征与单一聚合物组成一致。尽管与其他塑料相比，PE 和 PP 的毒性相对较低，但它们的组成单体以及相关污染物和微生物对蝠鲼和其他海洋生物都有一定的影响。
