Wetherby A M, Cain D H, Yonclas D G, Walker V G
Department of Communication Disorders, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306-2007.
J Speech Hear Res. 1988 Jun;31(2):240-52. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3102.240.
The purpose of this study was to collect quantitative measures describing the use of intentional communication by 15 normal children during the prelinguistic, one-word, and multiword stages. A standard communication sample was collected at each language stage from each subject interacting with a clinician. Measures of rates of intentional communicative acts indicated an average of about 1 act per min at the prelinguistic stage, 2 acts per min at the one-word stage, and 5 acts per min by the multiword stage. Analysis of communicative functions indicated that virtually all of the subjects displayed some acts for regulating behavior, engaging in social interaction, and referencing joint attention at all language stages. Changes in the proportions of specific communicative functions at each language stage were found. Analysis of discourse structure using these sampling procedures indicated that most subjects engaged in more initiated than respondent acts. Analysis of communicative means showed that the predominant means were gestural and vocal during the prelinguistic and one-word stage and verbal by the multiword stage. Changes in the proportions of isolated and coordinated gestures and vocalizations at each language stage were found. General descriptions of the syllabic shapes of intentional vocal acts at the prelinguistic and one-word stages demonstrated that most of the subjects used a substantial proportion of consonants in both mono- and multisyllabic vocalizations. Clinical applications of these findings to the early identification of children with the potential for language impairments will be discussed.
本研究的目的是收集定量数据，描述15名正常儿童在语言前、单词和多词阶段有意交流的使用情况。在每个语言阶段，从与临床医生互动的每个受试者那里收集标准的交流样本。有意交流行为的频率测量表明，在语言前阶段平均每分钟约1次行为，在单词阶段为每分钟2次行为，到多词阶段为每分钟5次行为。对交流功能的分析表明，几乎所有受试者在所有语言阶段都表现出一些用于调节行为、参与社交互动和提及共同注意的行为。发现在每个语言阶段特定交流功能的比例有所变化。使用这些抽样程序对话语结构进行分析表明，大多数受试者发起的行为比回应的行为更多。对交流方式的分析表明，在语言前和单词阶段主要方式是手势和发声，到多词阶段则是言语。发现在每个语言阶段孤立和协调的手势及发声比例有所变化。对语言前和单词阶段有意发声行为的音节形状进行的总体描述表明，大多数受试者在单音节和多音节发声中都使用了相当比例的辅音。将讨论这些发现对早期识别有语言障碍可能性儿童的临床应用。
