Center of Excellence for Foot and Ankle Surgery, Kantonsspital Baselland, Rheinstrasse 26, CH-4410 Liestal, Switzerland.
Center of Excellence for Foot and Ankle Surgery, Kantonsspital Baselland, Rheinstrasse 26, CH-4410 Liestal, Switzerland.
Foot Ankle Clin. 2021 Jun;26(2):291-304. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2021.03.004. Epub 2021 Apr 17.
Whereas tenderness, ecchymosis, and swelling over the deltoid ligament have relatively poor sensitivity, resulting valgus and pronation deformity that is seen to disappear when the patient is asked to activate the posterior tibial muscle or to go in tiptoe position is the hallmark for the presence of medial ankle instability. A pain on palpation at anteromedial edge of the ankle confirms the diagnosis. Various stress tests permit to confirm and specify the injury pattern. A pseudo hallux rigidus is the consequence of a hyperactivity of flexor hallucis longus muscle to protect the foot against the valgus and pronation deformity.
虽然三角韧带处的压痛、瘀斑和肿胀的敏感性相对较差，但当患者被要求激活比目鱼肌或踮起脚尖时，出现的外翻和旋前畸形消失，则是内侧踝关节不稳定的特征。踝关节前内侧边缘的触诊疼痛可确诊。各种压力测试可用于确认和明确损伤类型。假性踇僵硬是由于趾长屈肌的过度活跃，以保护足部免受外翻和旋前畸形的影响。
