Department of Community Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
School of Community Resources and Development, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Environ Manage. 2021 Jul;68(1):73-86. doi: 10.1007/s00267-021-01480-z. Epub 2021 May 15.
Visitation to parks will change with increasing climate changes. We examined how place attachment may influence different types of climate-induced displacement at both the park and park system level. Previous research suggests that visitors who have greater place attachment to parks within a system may be more likely to tolerate changed environmental conditions before they are displaced from the system entirely or change their choice of park or time of visit within it. Our study, based on the Vermont State Parks system (U.S.), used an on-site visitor questionnaire to examine potential system, spatial, and temporal displacements resulting from ranges of five regionally specific probable manifestations of climate change. As hypothesized, we found that those with lower place attachment were more likely to be displaced. Specifically, these visitors would be more likely to shift their visitation to more southern and lower elevation parks to avoid increased rainfall, earlier/later in the season to avoid higher day or night time temperatures, and out of the park system entirely with more days above 90 F or biting insects. Our approach to examining climate change, place attachment, and displacement has relevance for considering how these three areas impact tourism and visitor use management, as well as utility for managers of these destinations.
随着气候变化的加剧，人们对公园的访问方式将发生变化。我们研究了场所依恋如何可能影响公园系统层面的不同类型的气候引起的迁移。先前的研究表明，与系统内的公园有更强场所依恋的游客，在他们完全从系统中迁移或改变他们选择的公园或访问时间之前，可能更愿意忍受环境条件的变化。我们的研究以佛蒙特州立公园系统（美国）为基础，使用现场游客调查问卷，研究了由气候变化的五种区域特定可能表现所导致的潜在系统、空间和时间迁移。正如假设的那样，我们发现，那些场所依恋程度较低的人更有可能被迁移。具体来说，这些游客更有可能转移到更南部和更低海拔的公园，以避免降雨量增加，在季节早期/后期以避免白天或夜间温度升高，以及在 90 华氏度以上或有刺虫的日子里完全离开公园系统。我们检查气候变化、场所依恋和迁移的方法与考虑这三个领域如何影响旅游和游客使用管理以及这些目的地管理者的效用有关。
