The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Child Abuse Negl. 2021 Jul;117:105091. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105091. Epub 2021 May 12.
Childhood and adolescent traumas are exceptionally prevalent worldwide. Despite their high prevalence and substantial impact, little research has investigated the rates and specific types of early trauma by gender. It is also unknown whether the types of early trauma are differentially associated with heightened or hindered prosocial attitudes and behaviours.
To address this gap, this study aims to explore the rates of different types of early trauma (i.e., abuse: sexual, physical, and emotional; neglect: physical and emotional) among young Australian adults and investigate whether these differ according to participant gender (female, male and transgender/gender diverse). The study will also examine the associations between the different types of early trauma and current altruistic attitudes and behaviours (including the affective, behavioural and cognitive altruism domains), among a young adult Australian cohort.
Cross-sectional data was collected from 511 young Australians aged 18-20 years using an online self-report survey.
Multiple regression analyses revealed that transgender/gender diverse individuals were over 3-times more likely to experience all types of maltreatment than females and over 3-times more likely to experience emotional and sexual abuse and emotional neglect than males. Experiencing one or more trauma types was negatively associated with the cognitive domain of altruism, experiencing physical neglect was associated with the affective domain, and having a family member involved in domestic violence was associated with the behavioural domain, after controlling for gender.
Findings show how early traumatic experiences can influence individuals' attitudes and behaviours during the pivotal developmental period of young adulthood.
儿童和青少年创伤在全球范围内极为普遍。尽管它们的发病率很高，且影响巨大，但很少有研究调查过按性别划分的早期创伤的发病率和具体类型。也不知道早期创伤的类型是否与增强或阻碍亲社会态度和行为有关。
为了解决这一差距，本研究旨在探讨年轻澳大利亚成年人中不同类型早期创伤（即虐待：性、身体和情感；忽视：身体和情感）的发生率，并调查这些发生率是否因参与者的性别（女性、男性和跨性别/性别多样化）而有所不同。该研究还将检查不同类型的早期创伤与当前利他主义态度和行为（包括情感、行为和认知利他主义领域）之间的关系，研究对象为年轻的澳大利亚队列。
使用在线自我报告调查，从 511 名年龄在 18-20 岁的澳大利亚年轻人中收集了横断面数据。
多元回归分析表明，跨性别/性别多样化的个体经历所有类型虐待的可能性是女性的三倍以上，经历情感和性虐待以及情感忽视的可能性是男性的三倍以上。在控制性别后，经历一种或多种创伤类型与认知利他主义领域呈负相关，经历身体忽视与情感领域相关，而家庭成员参与家庭暴力与行为领域相关。
研究结果表明，早期创伤经历如何在年轻成年人的关键发展时期影响个人的态度和行为。
