Use of Telemedicine for subspecialty support in the NICU setting.

The regionalization of neonatal care was implemented with an overarching goal to improve neonatal outcomes. This led to centralized neonatal care in urban settings that jeopardized the sustainability of the community level 2 and level 3 Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) in medically underserved areas. Coupled with pediatric subspecialist and allied health professional workforce shortages, regionalization resulted in disparate and limited access to subspecialty care. Innovative telemedicine technologies may offer an alternative and powerful care model for infants in geographically isolated and underserved areas. This chapter describes how telemedicine offerings of remote pediatric subspecialty and specialized programs may bridge gaps of access to specialized care and maintain the clinical services in community NICUs.