Jesus Silva Rodrigo, Nardoto Gabriela Bielefeld, Schor Tatiana, da Silva Marcia Regina Farias, Martinelli Luiz Antônio
Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Tomé-Açu, PA Brazil.
Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF Brazil.
Environ Dev Sustain. 2022;24(1):1010-1030. doi: 10.1007/s10668-021-01480-3. Epub 2021 May 10.
Urbanization has threatened rural communities' livelihoods worldwide, changing their agro-food systems from locally produced traditional items to industrialized foodstuffs. The main objective was to investigate the relationship between livelihood conditions and the agro-food transition process in rural communities of the Center-West, Northeast, and Amazon regions of Brazil. We hypothesized that traditional agroecosystems and local food habits changed with greater access to market economies. The study was conducted with semi-structured questionnaire interviews to verify agro-food patterns, subsistence farming, natural resource use, and socioeconomic conditions. Moreover, we used stable isotope ratios from the inhabitants' fingernails to determine the food source and trophic chain diversity. Data from questionnaires were analyzed using a Bayesian clustering model to characterize the socioeconomic conditions and agro-food patterns among rural and urban communities. The isotopic data were appraised through a nonparametric model to assess food differences among Brazilian regions and different community types. The Bayesian model allowed us to determine the optimal number of groups according to descriptive socioeconomic and agro-food variables sorted by each specific location. We also verified a food change from C (more natural) to C (more processed) with an increase in C and a decrease in N in the city and town localities. This indicates a livelihood shift from locally produced foods to processed items toward urban areas. Although remote villages showed more maintenance of their agro-food systems, increased access to market economies and the supermarket diet is changing the livelihood conditions of rural communities, which can compromise their traditional farming and food sovereignty.
城市化在全球范围内威胁着农村社区的生计，将其农业食品系统从本地生产的传统产品转变为工业化食品。主要目的是调查巴西中西部、东北部和亚马逊地区农村社区的生计状况与农业食品转型过程之间的关系。我们假设，随着对市场经济的更多接触，传统农业生态系统和当地饮食习惯发生了变化。该研究通过半结构化问卷调查进行，以核实农业食品模式、自给农业、自然资源利用和社会经济状况。此外，我们利用居民指甲中的稳定同位素比率来确定食物来源和营养链多样性。问卷数据使用贝叶斯聚类模型进行分析，以描述农村和城市社区的社会经济状况和农业食品模式。同位素数据通过非参数模型进行评估，以评估巴西不同地区和不同社区类型之间的食物差异。贝叶斯模型使我们能够根据每个特定地点分类的描述性社会经济和农业食品变量确定最佳组数。我们还证实，随着城市和城镇地区碳（更多加工）的增加和氮的减少，食物从碳（更多天然）转变。这表明生计从本地生产的食物转向城市地区的加工食品。尽管偏远村庄的农业食品系统得到了更多维持，但对市场经济和超市饮食的更多接触正在改变农村社区的生计状况，这可能会损害其传统农业和粮食主权。
