World Health Organisation, Inter-Country Support Team for East and Southern Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe.
World Health Organisation, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo.
Pan Afr Med J. 2021 Feb 22;38:194. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.194.27124. eCollection 2021.
the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends that countries conduct comprehensive national immunisation program reviews regularly to help them identify systems wide-barriers or gaps and monitor performance against the set targets.
we reviewed reports from the latest national immunisation program reviews conducted in the 20 countries in the sub-region in the course of 2012-2018. We generated descriptive analysis of the findings across the sub-region.
the 20 program reviews included field observations to the subnational levels as well as interviews with program staff and stakeholders. At the time of the reviews, only 11 countries had functional National Immunisation Technical Advisory Groups. Operational funding was inadequate in half of the countries. The reviews documented the cancellation of outreach services, supportive supervision visits and maintenance of cold chain equipment due to the lack of fuel or operational funding. Immunisation programs in 10 countries had major human resource gaps. Vaccine stock management tools were not effectively used in 10 countries, and stock out of vaccines and supplies was documented in 9 countries during the review. The full components of the RED strategy were implemented in only 3 of the 20 countries. Twelve countries reported challenges with the availability and accuracy of target populations. Four countries had documented the presence of vaccine hesitant groups at the time of the reviews.
the reviews demonstrated challenges in various aspects of the programs in different countries. The implementation of the review recommendations should be built into the annual program plans, as well as into coasted multi-year plans, in order to address the gaps and helps the program to attain the set targets. With the rapid evolution of the scope and complexity of the immunisation programs in recent years, countries should invest their efforts in building the capacity of their human resources as well as updating their logistics and data systems.
世界卫生组织（WHO）建议各国定期进行全面的国家免疫规划评估，以帮助其发现全系统障碍或差距，并监测针对既定目标的实施情况。
我们审查了 2012 年至 2018 年期间在该次区域 20 个国家进行的最新国家免疫规划评估报告。我们对次区域的评估结果进行了描述性分析。
这 20 次规划评估包括对国家以下各级的实地观察，以及对规划工作人员和利益攸关方的访谈。在进行评估时，只有 11 个国家有运作正常的国家免疫技术咨询小组。一半的国家运作资金不足。评估记录了由于缺乏燃料或运作资金，外联服务、支持性监督访问和冷链设备维护被取消的情况。10 个国家的免疫规划存在重大人力资源差距。10 个国家没有有效地使用疫苗库存管理工具，在评估期间有 9 个国家报告疫苗和用品短缺。20 个国家中只有 3 个国家全面实施了 RED 战略的全部组成部分。12 个国家报告说，在目标人群的可及性和准确性方面存在挑战。4 个国家在评估时记录了存在疫苗犹豫群体。
评估显示，不同国家的规划在各个方面都存在挑战。审查建议的实施应纳入年度规划计划以及有预算的多年计划，以消除差距，帮助规划实现既定目标。近年来，免疫规划的范围和复杂性迅速发展，各国应努力建设人力资源能力，并更新其后勤和数据系统。
