Colombini Stefania, Rota Graziosi Andrea, Parma Pietro, Iriti Marcello, Vitalini Sara, Sarnataro Chiara, Spanghero Mauro
Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università Degli Studi di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
Anim Nutr. 2021 Mar;7(1):224-231. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.11.001. Epub 2021 Feb 3.
This study investigated the effects of 2 essential oils extracted from plants collected in 2 different valleys of the Italian Alps and 3 pure compounds of oils - bornyl acetate (BOR), camphor (CAM), and eucalyptol (EUCA) - on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbiota. An in vitro batch fermentation experiment (Exp. 1) tested the addition of all of the substances (2 essential oils and 3 compounds) in fermentation bottles (120 mL) at 48 h of incubation, whereas a subsequent in vitro continuous culture experiment (Exp. 2) evaluated the pure compounds added to the fermenters (2 L) for a longer incubation period (9 d). In both experiments, total mixed rations were incubated with the additives, and samples without additives were included as the control (CTR). Each treatment was tested in duplicate and was repeated in 3 and 2 fermentation runs in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. Gas production (GP) in Exp. 1 was similar for all of the treatments, and short chain volatile fatty acid (SCFA) production was similar in both experiments except for a decrease of SCFA produced ( = 0.029) due to EUCA addition in Exp. 2. Compared to CTR, BOR and CAM reduced the valerate proportion ( = 0.04) in Exp. 1, and increased ( < 0.01) the acetate proportion in Exp. 2. All treatments increased ( < 0.01) total protozoa counts (+36.7% and +48.4% compared to CTR on average for Exp. 1 and 2, respectively). In Exp. 1, all of the treatments lowered the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and increased the Proteobacteria relative abundances ( < 0.05), whereas in Exp. 2, the EUCA addition increased ( = 0.012) the . In Exp. 1, methane (CH) as a proportion of the GP was lowered ( = 0.004) by the addition of CAM and EUCA compared to CTR, whereas in Exp. 2, EUCA reduced the amount of stoichiometrically calculated CH compared to CTR. Overall, essential oils extracted from and the pure compounds did not depress in vitro rumen fermentation, except for EUCA in Exp. 2. In both experiments, an increase of the protozoal population occurred for all the additives.
本研究调查了从意大利阿尔卑斯山两个不同山谷采集的植物中提取的2种精油以及3种油类纯化合物——乙酸龙脑酯（BOR）、樟脑（CAM）和桉叶油素（EUCA）——对体外瘤胃发酵和微生物群的影响。一项体外批次发酵实验（实验1）在培养48小时时测试了在发酵瓶（120毫升）中添加所有这些物质（2种精油和3种化合物）的情况，而随后的一项体外连续培养实验（实验2）评估了添加到发酵罐（2升）中的纯化合物在更长培养期（9天）的效果。在两个实验中，全混合日粮都与添加剂一起培养，未添加添加剂的样本作为对照（CTR）。每种处理进行重复测试，在实验1和实验2中分别进行3次和2次发酵运行。实验1中所有处理的产气量（GP）相似，除了实验2中添加EUCA导致短链挥发性脂肪酸（SCFA）产量下降（P = 0.029）外，两个实验中的SCFA产量相似。与CTR相比，实验1中BOR和CAM降低了戊酸比例（P = 0.04），实验2中增加了乙酸比例（P < 0.01）。所有处理均增加了（P < 0.01）原生动物总数（实验1和实验2分别比CTR平均增加36.7%和48.4%）。在实验1中，所有处理均降低了拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门的相对丰度，增加了变形菌门的相对丰度（P < 0.05），而在实验2中，添加EUCA增加了（P = 0.012）……在实验1中，与CTR相比，添加CAM和EUCA降低了甲烷（CH）占GP的比例（P = 0.004），而在实验2中，与CTR相比，EUCA减少了化学计量计算的CH量。总体而言，从……中提取的精油和纯化合物除了实验2中的EUCA外，并未抑制体外瘤胃发酵。在两个实验中，所有添加剂都使原生动物数量增加。
