Shiota Masaki, Akamatsu Shusuke, Narita Shintaro, Terada Naoki, Fujimoto Naohiro, Eto Masatoshi
Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
JMA J. 2021 Apr 15;4(2):99-111. doi: 10.31662/jmaj.2021-0004. Epub 2021 Mar 26.
The therapeutic landscape of pharmacotherapy for prostate cancer has dramatically evolved, and multiple therapeutic options have become available for prostate cancer patients. Therefore, useful biomarkers to identify suitable candidates for treatment are required to maximize the efficacy of pharmacotherapy. Genetic polymorphisms such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and tandem repeats have been shown to influence the therapeutic effects of pharmacotherapy for prostate cancer patients. For example, genetic polymorphisms in the genes involved in androgen receptor signaling are reported to be associated with the therapeutic outcome of androgen-deprivation therapy as well as androgen receptor-pathway inhibitors. In addition, SNPs in genes involved in drug metabolism and efflux pumps are associated with therapeutic effects of taxane chemotherapy. Thus, genetic polymorphisms such as SNPs are promising biomarkers to realize personalized medicine. Here, we overview the current findings on the influence of genetic polymorphisms on the outcome of pharmacotherapy for prostate cancer and discuss current issues as well as future visions in this field.
前列腺癌药物治疗的格局已发生显著演变，多种治疗选择已可供前列腺癌患者使用。因此，需要有用的生物标志物来识别合适的治疗候选者，以最大限度地提高药物治疗的疗效。单核苷酸多态性（SNP）和串联重复等基因多态性已被证明会影响前列腺癌患者药物治疗的效果。例如，据报道，参与雄激素受体信号传导的基因中的基因多态性与雄激素剥夺治疗以及雄激素受体途径抑制剂的治疗结果相关。此外，参与药物代谢和外排泵的基因中的SNP与紫杉烷化疗的治疗效果相关。因此，诸如SNP之类的基因多态性是实现个性化医疗的有前景的生物标志物。在此，我们概述了基因多态性对前列腺癌药物治疗结果影响的当前研究结果，并讨论了该领域的当前问题以及未来展望。
