Willems Roel M, Peelen Marius V
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
iScience. 2021 Apr 2;24(5):102392. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102392. eCollection 2021 May 21.
Cognitive processes-from basic sensory analysis to language understanding-are typically contextualized. While the importance of considering context for understanding cognition has long been recognized in psychology and philosophy, it has not yet had much impact on cognitive neuroscience research, where cognition is often studied in decontextualized paradigms. Here, we present examples of recent studies showing that context changes the neural basis of diverse cognitive processes, including perception, attention, memory, and language. Within the domains of perception and language, we review neuroimaging results showing that context interacts with stimulus processing, changes activity in classical perception and language regions, and recruits additional brain regions that contribute crucially to naturalistic perception and language. We discuss how contextualized cognitive neuroscience will allow for discovering new principles of the mind and brain.
认知过程——从基本的感官分析到语言理解——通常是与情境相关的。虽然在心理学和哲学中，考虑情境对于理解认知的重要性早已得到认可，但它尚未对认知神经科学研究产生太大影响，在该领域，认知往往是在脱离情境的范式中进行研究的。在此，我们展示近期研究的实例，表明情境会改变包括感知、注意力、记忆和语言在内的各种认知过程的神经基础。在感知和语言领域内，我们回顾神经影像学结果，这些结果表明情境与刺激处理相互作用，改变经典感知和语言区域的活动，并征募对自然主义感知和语言至关重要的额外脑区。我们讨论情境化认知神经科学将如何有助于发现心智和大脑的新原理。
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