Haller Magdalena, Callan Kimberly, Susat Julian, Flux Anna Lena, Immel Alexander, Franke Andre, Herbig Alexander, Krause Johannes, Kupczok Anne, Fouquet Gerhard, Hummel Susanne, Rieger Dirk, Nebel Almut, Krause-Kyora Ben
Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
Present address: Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
iScience. 2021 Apr 20;24(5):102419. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102419. eCollection 2021 May 21.
Medieval Europe was repeatedly affected by outbreaks of infectious diseases, some of which reached epidemic proportions. A Late Medieval mass burial next to the Heiligen-Geist-Hospital in Lübeck (present-day Germany) contained the skeletal remains of more than 800 individuals who had presumably died from infectious disease. From 92 individuals, we screened the ancient DNA extracts for the presence of pathogens to determine the cause of death. Metagenomic analysis revealed evidence of subsp. serovar Paratyphi C, suggesting an outbreak of enteric paratyphoid fever. Three reconstructed . Paratyphi C genomes showed close similarity to a strain from Norway (1200 CE). Radiocarbon dates placed the disease outbreak in Lübeck between 1270 and 1400 cal CE, with historical records indicating 1367 CE as the most probable year. The deceased were of northern and eastern European descent, confirming Lübeck as an important trading center of the Hanseatic League in the Baltic region.
中世纪欧洲屡次受到传染病爆发的影响，其中一些传染病达到了流行病的规模。吕贝克（今德国）圣灵医院旁边的一个中世纪晚期集体墓地中，埋葬着800多名可能死于传染病的个体的骨骼遗骸。我们从92名个体的古代DNA提取物中筛查病原体的存在，以确定死因。宏基因组分析揭示了副伤寒杆菌C亚种血清型的证据，表明曾爆发肠型副伤寒热。三个重建的副伤寒杆菌C基因组与来自挪威（公元1200年）的一个菌株显示出密切的相似性。放射性碳年代测定将吕贝克的疾病爆发时间定在公元1270年至1400年之间，历史记录表明公元1367年是最有可能的年份。死者为北欧和东欧血统，证实吕贝克是波罗的海地区汉萨同盟的一个重要贸易中心。
